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Acute Kidney Injury

Terms in this set (32)

Acute Kidney Injury is a _______ reduction in kidney function where blood flow to the kidneys is significantly compromised.
rapid
It may take a few days for ____ to change due to Acute Kidney Injury.
GFR
AKI is diagnosed by a rapid _______ in serum creatinine within ___ hours and decreased urine output.
decrease 48
Urine output in a patient with AKI would be less than ___/kg/hr over a ___ hour time period.
0.5, 6
AKI is caused by sustained low body perfusion with a MAP of less than ____ mmHg.
65
_________ kidney injury is caused by an issue with low perfusion.
prerenal
Conditions that can cause prerenal kidney injury include __________, _______, _________, _________, and ________ ___________.
dehydration, burns, sepsis, shock, heart failure
Prerenal kidney injury is caused by an issue with _____ ________.
low perfusion
_____________ kidney injury is caused by actual damage to the kidney.
intrarenal
Intrarenal kidney injury is caused by _________ __________ to the kidney.
actual damage
Examples of issues that can cause intrarenal kidney injury include __________ drugs , ____________, ___________ diseases, systemic ___________, and ______________ hypertension.
nephrotoxic, myoglobin, infectious, lupus, malignant
Examples of issues that can cause _____________ ___________ __________ include nephrotoxic drugs, myoglobin, infectious diseases, systemic lupus and malignant hypertension.
intrarenal kidney injury
______ _________ kidney injuries are caused by damage done below the kidney, such as an obstruction caused by kidney stones, cancer, strictures or enlarged prostate.
post renal
Post renal kidney injuries are caused by damage done _______ the kidney, such as an ___________ caused by kidney stones, cancer, strictures or enlarged prostate.
below, obstruction
In the ___________ phase of acute kidney injury, the patient's urine output will decrease to 100 - 400 mL of urine over 24 hours.
oliguric
In the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury, patients will have electrolyte imbalances such as _____________ and _____________.
hyperkalemia, hyponatremia
In the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury, patients will have elevated _____ and ____________.
BUN, creatinine
Patients in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury may develop the acid-base imbalance __________ ____________.
metabolic acidosis
In the ___________ phase of acute kidney injury, the patient's urine output should slowly increase.
diuretic
In the diuretic phase of acute kidney injury, the patient may experience ___________, _____________, and _____________.
hypovolemia, dehydration, hypotension
In the diuretic phase of acute kidney injury, the patient's BUN and creatinine levels begin to _________.
normalize
In the ___________ phase of acute kidney injury, the patient's GFR levels should start to increase.
recovery
In the recovery phase of acute kidney injury, the patient's BUN and creatinine levels _________, then ___________.
plateau, decrease
For patients with acute kidney injury, the nurse should try to help avoid __________ and maintain ________ _________.
hypotension, fluid balance
The nurse should try to reduce exposure to __________ _________ for patients with AKI.
nephrotoxic agents
A renal diet is low in ________, ___________, and ___________.
sodium, phosphorous, protein
Patients with extreme hypotension may require ________, which is a very slow form of dialysis only used in ICU settings.
CRRT
CRRT stands for ________ _________ _____________ ___________.
continuous renal replacement therapy
Patients with acute kidney injury need to avoid the use of ________.
NSAIDs
We give __________ to protect the kidneys when contrast dye is necessary.
acetylcysteine
Patients with acute kidney injury should be monitored for ___________, buildup of nitrogenous waste.
azotemia
Patients with acute kidney injury should be monitored for azotemia, buildup of _________ __________.
nitrogenous waste
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