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Chemistry

Terms in this set (33)

Atomic Number
# of protons & # of electrons
Atomic Mass
Round to the nearest whole number
Neutron Number
Atomic mass - Atomic number
Compound
A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
Covalent Bond
Bond formed when two atoms share electrons
Molecules
Groups of atoms help together by covalent bonds
Covalent bond
Can form double and triple bonds (sharing two or three pairs of electrons)
Ionic Bond
Bond formed between two ions of opposite charge
Ion
Charged particle formed when atoms gain or lose electrons
Protein
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen (Somtimes S)
Carbohydrates
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
Lipids
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen in a 1:2<1 ratio
Nucleic Acids
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
______ 1. Which statement best describes an effect of the low density of frozen water in a lake?

A. When water freezes, it contracts, decreasing the water level in a lake.
B. Water in a lake freezes from the bottom up, killing most aquatic organisms.
C. When water in a lake freezes, it floats, providing insulation for organisms below.
C.
Which statement correctly describes how carbon's ability to from four bonds makes it uniquely suited to form macromolecules?

A. It forms short, simple carbon chains.
B. It forms large, complex, diverse molecules.
C. It forms covalent bonds with other carbon atoms.
B.
Carbohydrates and proteins are two types of macromolecules. Which functional characteristic of proteins distinguishes them from carbohydrates?

A. Large amount of stored cell information
B. Ability to catalyze biochemical reactions
C. Efficient storage of quickly usable chemical energy
D. Tendency to make cell membranes
B.
Which of the following types of compounds is unlike the other three?

A. Wax
B. Saturated Fat
C. Phospholipid
D. Polysaccharide
D.
More energy can be released from a fat molecule than from a glucose molecule because the fat molecule contains more

A. genes
B. organic compounds
C. chemical bonds
C
What properties of water allows water to enter plant roots and move to other parts of the plant
where it is needed?

A. Cohesion allows water to stick to the roots and adhesion allows for water to stick to itself
B. Adhesion allows water to stick to other things and cohesion allows water to stick to itself
C. Specific heat allows water to stick to other things and cohesion allows it to stick to himself
D. Adhesion allows water to stick to other things and density allows water to stick to itself.
B
What process is being used when polysaccharides are changed in your mouth to make
monosaccharides?
A. Polymers are being broken to monomers using dehydration synthesis
B. Polymers are being broken into monomers using hydrolysis
C. Monomers are being built into polymers using dehydration synthesis
D. Monomers are being built into polymers using hydrolysis
B
What is a benefit of water's high specific heat to living things?
A. Water's high specific heat allows frozen water to float on the top of lakes and streams
B. Water's high specific heat causes it to stick to other substances
C. Water's high specific heat allows water to take in and give off heat slowly
D. Water's specific heat allows water to stick to other water molecules
C
Many plants have a waxy coating on their leaves. Which statement describes the most likely structure and function of the waxy coating?
A. The waxy coating is a protein that can help attract other organisms for pollination.
B. The waxy coating is a protein that can help release waste molecules during transpiration.
C. The waxy coating is a lipid that can help absorb more sunlight in hot environments.
D. The waxy coating is a lipid that can help prevent excess water loss in dry environments.
D
Cellulose is a carbohydrate and a polymer of glucose. Which statement best describes how
cellulose is formed within living organisms?
A. It is assembled by bonding individual atoms.
B. It is constructed by connecting smaller monomer subunits.
C. It is the product of the decomposition of a much larger molecule.
D. It is the result of a physical change that alters the shape of a compound.
B
What process is being used when polysaccharides are broken apart in your mouth to make monosaccharides?
A. Dehydration synthesis breaks apart large molecules to make monomers
B. Dehydration synthesis puts together large molecules by binding monomers
C. Hydrolysis breaks apart large molecules to make monomers
D. Hydrolysis puts together large molecules from monomers
C
Which type of macromolecule is known for the efficient storage of quickly usable chemical energy?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Lipids
C. Proteins
D. Nucleic acids
A
Which type of macromolecule is known for the efficient storage of long term energy?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Lipids
C. Proteins
D. Nucleic acids
B
Which type of macromolecule is known for the efficient storage of long term energy?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Lipids
C. Proteins
D. Nucleic acids
D
monomer of carbohydrates
monosaccharides
monomer of protein
amino acid
monomer of lipid
glycerol and fatty acids
monomer of nucleic acid
nucleotide
Dehydration Synthesis
Monomers are joined by removal of OH from one monomer and removal of H from the other at the site of bond formation
Hydrolysis
Monomers are released by the addition of water molecule, adding OH to one monomer and H to the other
Verified questions
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
List at least five examples of a physical change and at least five examples of a chemical change.
Verified answer
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
If a potassium atom has an atomic number of 19 and a mass number of 39, how many protons, electrons, and neutrons are in the atom?
Verified answer
CHEMISTRY
Indicators can be used to estimate the pH values of solutions. To determine the pH of a 0.01 M weak acid (HX) solution, a few drops of three different indicators are added to separate portions of 0.01 M HX. The resulting colors of the HX solution are summarized in the last column of the accompanying table. What is the approximate pH of the 0.01 M HX solution? What is the approximate $K _ { \mathrm { a } }$ value for HX? $$ \begin{matrix} \text{Indicator} &&& \text{Color} &&& \text{Color} & {pK_a} & \text{Color of}\\ \text{(HIn )} &&& \text{of HIn} &&& \text{of}\ \mathrm { In^-} & \text{of HIn} & \text{0.01 M HX}\\ \hline \end{matrix} $$ $$ \begin{array} { l } { \text { Bromphenol } } \\ { \text { blue } } \\ { \text { Bromcresol } } \\ { \text { purple } } \\ { \text { Bromcresol } } \\ { \text { green } } \end{array} $$ $$ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \begin{array} { l } { Yellow } { Yellow } { Yellow } $\end{array}$ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; $$ $$ \begin{array} { l } { \text { Blue } } \\ \\ { \text { Purple } } \\ \\ { \text { Blue } } \end{array} $$ $$ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; $$ $$ \begin{array} { l } { 4.0 } \\ \\ { 6.0 } \\ \\ { 4.8 } \end{array} $$ $$ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; $$ $$ \begin{array} { l } { \text { Blue } } \\ \\ { \text { Yellow } } \\ \\ { \text { Green } } \end{array} $$
Verified answer
CHEMISTRY
The flow rate required to yield a specified reading on an orifice meter varies inversely as the square root of the fluid density; that is, if a fluid with density $\rho_{1}\left(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\right)$ flowing at a rate $\dot{V}_{1}\left(\mathrm{cm}^{3} / \mathrm{s}\right)$ yields a meter reading $\phi$, then the flow rate of a fluid with density $\rho_{2}$ required to yield the same reading is $\dot{V}_{2}=\dot{V}_{1}\left(\rho_{1} / \rho_{2}\right)^{1 / 2}$ a) An orifice meter has been calibrated with nitrogen at $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and 758 mm Hg, but it now has methane flowing through it at $50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and 1800 mm Hg. Applying the nitrogen calibration to the reading indicates that the flow rate is 21 L/min. Estimate the true volumetric flow rate of the methane. b) Repeat Part (a) but suppose the stream contains 10.0 mole% $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ and 5.0 mole% ethane in addition to methane.
Verified answer