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Rhetoric and Structure in Roosevelt's Four Freedoms Speech

Terms in this set (16)

Read the excerpts from Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms" speech and Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address."
Roosevelt:
This nation has placed its destiny in the hands and heads and hearts of its millions of free men and women; and its faith in freedom under the guidance of God. Freedom means the supremacy of human rights everywhere. Our support goes to those who struggle to gain those rights or keep them. Our strength is our unity of purpose. To that high concept there can be no end save victory.
Lincoln:
To be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us - that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion - that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain - that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom - and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
In the excerpt, Lincoln refers to "this nation" to express the importance of fighting as one for the principle of freedom and democracy. Which sentence from Roosevelt's speech also expresses this idea?
(C) Our strength is our unity of purpose
Read the excerpts from Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms" speech and Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address."
Roosevelt:
This nation has placed its destiny in the hands and heads and hearts of its millions of free men and women; and its faith in freedom under the guidance of God. Freedom means the supremacy of human rights everywhere. Our support goes to those who struggle to gain those rights or keep them. Our strength is our unity of purpose. To that high concept there can be no end save victory.
Lincoln:
To be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us - that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion - that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain - that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom - and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
In these excerpts, Roosevelt states "this nation has placed its destiny" and Lincoln states "shall not perish from earth." With these phrases, both presidents are stressing the importance of
(C) Preserving freedom far into the future.
Read the excerpt from Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms" speech.
A part of the sacrifice means the payment of more money in taxes. In my Budget Message I shall recommend that a greater portion of this great defense program be paid for from taxation than we are paying today. No person should try, or be allowed, to get rich out of this program; and the principle of tax payments in accordance with ability to pay should be constantly before our eyes to guide our legislation.
What purpose does the underlined portion of this excerpt serve in the argument that Americans should agree to pay more taxes to raise money for entering the war?
(C) It counters the claim that extra taxes may not be collected fairly or put to good and honest use.
In Four Freedoms, when Roosevelt describes four freedoms (speech, worship, lack of want, and lack of fear) to support his claim that more taxes will need to be paid, he is using
(B) reasons.
After reading "Four Freedoms," read this excerpt from Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address."
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
Which ideas are addressed by both Roosevelt and Lincoln? Select 2 options.
(A) the importance of equality
(B) the importance of freedom.
Read the excerpt from Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms" speech.
No person should try, or be allowed, to get rich out of this program; and the principle of tax payments in accordance with ability to pay should be constantly before our eyes to guide our legislation.
Roosevelt uses the phrase "our eyes to guide legislation" to assure listeners that he is a fair leader who can be trusted to manage the extra taxes collected. This is an example of an appeal to
(D) character.
Read the excerpt from Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms" speech.
In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms.
What effect does Roosevelt hope to have on Americans with this appeal to emotion?
(D) to convince them that they must fight today to secure tomorrow's freedoms
Read the excerpt from Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms" speech.
That kind of world is the very antithesis of the so-called new order of tyranny which the dictators seek to create with the crash of a bomb.
To that new order we oppose the greater conception—the moral order.
Roosevelt's appeals to emotion in this section of the speech are intended to
(A) warn of increasing danger.
Read the excerpts from Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms" speech and Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address."
Roosevelt:
I have called for personal sacrifice. I am assured of the willingness of almost all Americans to respond to that call.
A part of the sacrifice means the payment of more money in taxes. In my Budget Message I shall recommend that a greater portion of this great defense program be paid for from taxation than we are paying today.
Lincoln:
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
In these excerpts, both Roosevelt and Lincoln express the idea that it is important to
(B) make sacrifices for democratic principles.
Read the excerpt from Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms" speech.
Since the beginning of our American history, we have been engaged in change—in a perpetual peaceful revolution—a revolution which goes on steadily, quietly adjusting itself to changing conditions—without the concentration camp or the quick-lime in the ditch. The world order which we seek is the cooperation of free countries, working together in a friendly, civilized society.
This nation has placed its destiny in the hands and heads and hearts of its millions of free men and women; and its faith in freedom under the guidance of God. Freedom means the supremacy of human rights everywhere. Our support goes to those who struggle to gain those rights or keep them. Our strength is our unity of purpose. To that high concept there can be no end save victory.
What were the intended effects of the rhetorical appeals used in this section of Roosevelt's speech? Select 3 options.
(B) to remind Americans that they have always stood and fought for democracy
(C) to convince Americans that joining in the war was the absolute right thing to do
(E) to persuade Americans that support for the war would ultimately lead to victory
Read the excerpt from Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms" speech.
Our strength is our unity of purpose.
Roosevelt's appeal to emotion in this section of the speech makes listeners feel that they are
(B) a part of the same team.
Read the excerpt from Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms" speech.
A part of the sacrifice means the payment of more money in taxes. In my Budget Message I shall recommend that a greater portion of this great defense program be paid for from taxation than we are paying today. No person should try, or be allowed, to get rich out of this program; and the principle of tax payments in accordance with ability to pay should be constantly before our eyes to guide our legislation.
The underlined portion of this excerpt serves as the.... for this section of Roosevelt's argument.
claim
Read the excerpt from Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms" speech.
I have called for personal sacrifice. I am assured of the willingness of almost all Americans to respond to that call.
A part of the sacrifice means the payment of more money in taxes. In my Budget Message I shall recommend that a greater portion of this great defense program be paid for from taxation than we are paying today. No person should try, or be allowed, to get rich out of this program; and the principle of tax payments in accordance with ability to pay should be constantly before our eyes to guide our legislation.
What argument is Roosevelt supporting with his appeal to logic in the underlined section of the excerpt?
(C) If Americans feel it is right to enter the war, it only makes sense that they will have to pay more in taxes to cover the costs.
Read the excerpts from Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms" speech and Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address."
Roosevelt:
This nation has placed its destiny in the hands and heads and hearts of its millions of free men and women; and its faith in freedom under the guidance of God. Freedom means the supremacy of human rights everywhere. Our support goes to those who struggle to gain those rights or keep them.
Lincoln:
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
Which idea is expressed in both excerpts?
(A) Equality is an important American value.
Read the excerpts from Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms" speech and Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address."
Roosevelt:
This nation has placed its destiny in the hands and heads and hearts of its millions of free men and women; and its faith in freedom under the guidance of God. Freedom means the supremacy of human rights everywhere. Our support goes to those who struggle to gain those rights or keep them. Our strength is our unity of purpose. To that high concept there can be no end save victory.
Lincoln:
To be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us - that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion - that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain - that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom - and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
Which value is most emphasized within both excerpts?
(B) freedom
Read the excerpt from Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms."
The fourth is freedom from fear—which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor—anywhere in the world.
That is no vision of a distant millennium. It is a definite basis for a kind of world attainable in our own time and generation. That kind of world is the very antithesis of the so-called new order of tyranny which the dictators seek to create with the crash of a bomb.
Roosevelt includes the second paragraph to serve as a rebuttal for which counterclaim?
(D) A world free from fear is not possible in the near future.
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