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Enzymes Kaplan Reading Passages

Terms in this set (20)

Enzymes without their cofactors are called
apoenzymes
Enzymes with their cofactors are called
holoenzymes
Kinesins
motor protein
associated with microtubules
two heads - one must stay attached to tubulin at all times
step like walking

aligns chromosomes during metaphase and depolymerizing microtubules during anaphase of mitosis

important in vesicle transport
bring vesicles toward the positive end of the microtubule (periphery)

bring vesicles of neurotransmitter to the positive end of the axonal microtubule - toward the synaptic terminal
Dyneins
motor proteins responsible for bending movements of cilium and flagellum, composed of several polypeptides

brings vesicles to negative end of microtubule
Cadherins
calcium-dependent glycoproteins that hold similar cells together
binding proteins
bind a specific substrate, either to sequester it in the body or hold its concentration at steady state
Integrins
A transmembrane protein that interconnects the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton.
Selectins
allow cells to adhere to carbohydrates on the surfaces of other cells and are most commonly used in the immune system
What holds the heavy and light chains together
disulfide linkages and noncovalent interactions
3 outcomes of the antibody/antigen binding
1. neutralizing of the antigen, rendering the pathogen ineffective

2. marking pathogen for destruction by other WBCs, called opsonization

3. clumping (agglutinating) the antigen/Ab complex into large insoluble protein complexes to be phagocytized and digested by macrophages
What's the average amino acid weight
110 daltons
compare pH and pI when it comes to AA
AA's are negatively charged when the pH is greater than the pI
Define correlation between Kd for binding and substrate affinity
Higher affinity corresponds to a lower Kd
Michaelis-Menten equation
v = (vmax [S])/(Km + [S])
GLUT 2 vs GLUT 4
GLUT-2: in liver (for glucose storage), has ↑Km (lower binding affinity) - INSULIN INDEPENDENT. Serves as glucose sensor for insulin release

GLUT-4: found in adipose tissue and muscle. Stimulated by insulin (additional receptors sent to cell surface to increase uptake). Has ↓Km
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