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CIC Prep: Chapter 76: Central Nervous System Infection

Terms in this set (32)

Name common bacteria what can cause meningitis
Pneumococci
Meningococci
Name common viruses that can cause meningitis
HSV
Enteroviruses
Arboviruses
Mumps
Name spirochetes that can cause meningitis
Treponema
Borrelia
Name fungi that can cause meningitis
Cryptococcus
Candida
What is usually the FIRST step/situation in the development of acute bacterial meningitis?
Bacterial colonization of the nasopharynx
Name the most common etiologic agents of bacterial meningitis
1. Neisseria meningitidis
2. Streptococcus pneumoniae
3. Haemophilus influenzae
4. Group B streptococci
5. Listeria monocytogenes
You are interpreting an LP result for meningitis and read that the Opening Pressure is elevated. Which causative organism is responsible for this?

1. Bacterial
2. Viral
3. Fungi
4. Tubercular
1. Bacterial
You are interpreting an LP result for meningitis and read that the Opening Pressure is usually normal. Which causative organism is responsible for this?

1. Bacterial
2. Viral
3. Fungi
4. Tubercular
2. Viral
You are interpreting an LP result for meningitis and read that the WBC count is >=1000. Which causative organism is responsible for this?

1. Bacterial
2. Viral
3. Fungi
4. Tubercular
1. Bacterial
You are interpreting an LP result for meningitis and read that the Glucose levels are low and at a depressed level. Which causative organism is responsible for this?

1. Bacterial
2. Viral
3. Fungi
4. Tubercular
4. Tubercular
What are the empiric antibiotics recommended for adults aged more than 50 years old?
1. ampicillin and cefotaxime
2. ceftriaxone and vancomycin
What is the empiric antibiotics recommended for preterm neonates up to 1 month of age?
1. ampicillin and cefotaxime
This organism is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in the US.
Streptococcus pneumoniae
What are the two types of pneumococcal vaccines for meningitis?
1. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
2. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine
What type of pneumococcal vaccine would be given to children younger than 5 years of age to prevent meningitis?
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
What type of pneumococcal vaccine would be given to a 65 year old patient in a SNF to prevent meningitis?
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine
Suspected or confirmed cases of acute meningitis should be placed in what type of transmission-based precautions?
Droplet
Should close contacts of all persons with invasive meningococcal infection receive prophylactic antibiotics?
Yes
This type of meningitis describes meningeal inflammation that is NOT due to bacteria or fungi. This type is less severe and rarely fatal, and most cases are self-limiting.
Aseptic meningitis
What are chronic types of infections that can cause chronic meningitis?
Tuberculosis
Lyme disease
Syphilis
Histoplasmosis
Cryptococcosis
Candidiasis
What organisms are the most common causes of encephalitis?
Enteroviruses
Name some types of enteroviruses that might cause encephalitis
Echovirus
Coxsackievirus
Poliovirus
It should be a primary goal to determine if the patient with encephalopathy could have __________ as the etiologic agent.
HSV

It's relatively common and Tx improves the outcome
Name some types of childhood disease viruses that might cause encephalitis
Measles
Mumps
Rubella
Name some types of arthropod-borne viruses that might cause encephalitis
St. Louis encephalitis
West Nile encephalitis
Eastern/Wester equine encephalitis
California encephalitis group
Name some types of respiratory disease viruses that might cause encephalitis
Influenza
Parainfluenza
Adenovirus
This virus is the most common cause of acute, nonepidemic viral encephalitis in the US
HSV-1
Treatment for encephalitis as a result of HSV-1 infection would be what preferred medication?
Acyclovir
Brain abscesses are usually the result of direct extension from infections such as ______________
Sinusitis
Mastoiditis
Chronic otitis media
Dental or facial purulent foci
Can the use of contaminated human growth hormone lead to cases of CJD?
Yes
If surgical instruments should be reused after a CJD patient in surgery, what combination is used for disinfection?
1 N sodium hydroxide
Autoclaving at 134 degrees C
Mycotic aneurysms has been linked to this other disease process
Bacterial endocarditis
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