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3B Circulatory / Lymphatic - MCAT

Terms in this set (68)

tricuspid valve, pulmonary vale, bicuspid valve, aortic valve (you ride a tricycle before you ride a bicycle)
valve between: RA and RV / RV and pulmonary artery / LA and LV / LV and aorta
arteriole aka precapillary sphincters (control how much blood flow to capillaries)
vessel most effective during vasoconstriction
true (cannot occur in venuoles)
t or f: vasoconstriction can occur in veins
false (veins have valves)
t or f: arteries contain valves
artery > vein > arteriole > venule > capillary
rank blood vessels from most to least thick
artery > arteriole > capillary > venuole > vein
rank blood vessels from most to least pressure
veins have higher resistance (recall: increase resistance decreases pressure)
why do veins have lower pressure than arteries
ADH, aldosterone, renin, adrenaline
hormones that will INCREASE BP
continuous
capillary type found in alveoli
continuous (no pores), fenestrated (small pores for blood filtration), sinusoidal (large pores fir lymphocytes)
3 types of capillaries
destroyed old/damaged RBCs
function spleen
increase blood volume
high osmolarity of blood result in
ADH (vasopressin), aldosterone
hormones lead to water reabsorption in kidney -> increase blood volume
liver
clotting factors (e.g. fibrinogen) are produced in the
4 (1 iron for each globin subunit)
how many molecules of iron in each molecule hemoglobin
more ventricles stretched = more forcefully they will contract
Frank-Starling mechanism states
i) Na leak channel allows slow auto-depolarization ii) open voltage gated Ca channels cause main depolarization iii) repolarization occurs when Ca channels close and K open
write 3 main points and draw action potential at pacemaker
i) resting membrane potential at -90 mV ii) AP stimulates voltage gated na channels to open cause depolarization iii) at +40 mV Na channels close, K out and Ca in channels open cause plateau phase iv) repolarization when ca channels close v) k channels close
write 5 main points of action potential for cardiac cells (excluding SA node)
K leak channels (k out), NaK ATPase (3 Na out, 2 K)
balance resting membrane potential cardiac cells
K channels (out), Ca channels (in)
balance plateau phase cardiac cell potential
sympathetic stimulates using NE, adrenal stimulate using E / vagus nerve inhibits SA
nervous system increase heart rate / decrease heart rate
plasma protein (associated with clotting)
hemophilia associated with a defect in
megakaryocyte
precursor to platlets
false (CO2 binds to different site on hemoglobin)
t or f: Co2 can bind to the same sites as O2 on hemoglobin
carboic acid (70%), attached to hemoglobin (20%), dissolved in blood (7%)
describe how CO2 is carried in blood from greatest to least proportion
carbaminohemoglobin
hemoglobin bound to carbon dioxide
false (noncovalent)
t or f: carbon monoxide binds covalently to hemoglobin
left (higher affinity)
fetal hemoglobin curve is shifted to
lymphatic capillary in small intestine
what is a laceteal
lymph nodes
wbcs reside in
thoracic duct (drain everything except right arm, head and neck)
major collecting duct of lymph from entire body
right lymphatic duct (drain right arm, head and neck)
lymph drainage excluded from thoracic duct
true
t or f: you can find plasma proteins in lymph vessels
false (exception to components that can leak out of capillaries)
t or f: you can find RBCs in lymph vessels
B-Cells (B close to C) / T-Cells
located cortex lymph node / located medulla lymph node
where lymphoid cells are generated (bone marrow and thymus) / functional organs lymphatic system
primary lymphoid tissue / secondary lymphoid tissue
true
t or f: lymphatic vessels contain one way valves
store memory cells (for secondary immune response)
role of secondary lymphoid tissue
thymus (role is to produce T cells)
organ that decreases in size after puberty
filter pathogens that enter mouth (along with tonsil)
role adenoids
lymph nodes (malignant cells may spread through lymph circulation)
lymphoid organ that is primary site of cancer metastasis
blood flow through tissue
what is perfusion
ischemia / hypoxia
lack of blood flow to tissue / lack of O2 to tissue
angiogenesis
formation of new blood vessels
coronary sinus
where does deoxygenated blood from cardiac cells drain into
false (coronary sinus drains directly into right atrium)
t or f: all blood drains returns to heart via either superior vena cava or inferior vena cava
varicose veins (due to increase pressure e.g. from uterus during pregnancy)
what happens when valves in veins fail
false (voltage-gated)
t or f: ligand-gated ion channels propagate action potential in cardiac muscle
cells can communicate via gap junctions (gap junctions located within intercalated disks of cardiac cells)
definition of functional syncytium
T Tubules (intracellular) and extracellular
where does Ca come from that initiates Ca muscle contraction
SA node -> internodal pathway -> AV node -> bundle of His -> purkinje fibers
pathway for cardiac action potential
120 bpm (slowed down to 60-80 bpm by vagus nerve releasing ACh)
intrinsic heart rate of SA node
albumin
protein maintains oncotic pressure in blood
bilirubin
waste product of hemoglobin
false (NaCl can diffuse out into tissue Use plasma proteins to change osmolarity)
t or f: NaCl can be used to change the osmolarity of blood
capillaries dilate to allow entry of wbc -> plasma protein and water is lost to tissue (swelling)
why does edema often accompany inflammation
heart to body (pulmonary valve, aortic valve)
semilunar valve connect
atrium to ventricle (tricuspid valve, bicuspid valve aka mitral valve)
atrioventricular valves connect
none (all are closed)
during 'dub' of heart beat, which valves are open
semilunar valves (AV valves close to prevent return to atria)
during 'lub' sound of heartbeat which valves are open
endocardium (direct contact to blood)
which layer of heart would be most susceptible to infection in blood
kidney
erythropoietin is secreted from
false
t or f: carbs can enter lymphatic system
simple squamous epithelium
lining of lymph vessels is composed of what cell type
trapped in lungs (would not re-enter systemic circulation)
why would clot from vein NOT cause a heart attack or stroke
smooth muscle (note: epithelial cells cannot vasoconstrict)
what type of cells are active when arterioles vasoconstrict
actin (bind to actin to prevent binding to myosin)
tropomyosin is in direct contact with x
cytoplasm (recall no organelles
where is hemoglobin found within rbs
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