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NCE: Career Development

Terms in this set (77)

Who created the trait-and-factor matching theory?
E. G. Williamson
What is the Trait and Factor matching theory?
relies on tests and assessments to match traits, aptitudes, and interests with a given occupation
What are the six personality/work environments of Holland's theory?
realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, conventional (RIASEC)
What does John Holland Theory focus on?
Congruence between the person and the job is emphasized .
person is categorized using three digit codes such as SEC.
What is Donald Super's theory?
Self-concept and developmental stage theory
What is Donald Super's theory also known as?
Life-span or Life space model
Super's life span theory includes
The life career rainbow
What is Anne Roe's theory?
Early childhood needs theory approach
influenced by Freudian psychoanalytic doctrines
What is Anne's theory based on?
Vocational choice is related to personality development at a young age.
Who created the learning theory of career counseling? (LTCC)
John Krumboltz
What are the four factors talked about in Krumboltz's theory?
genetic endowment and unique abilities, environmental condition to life events, learning experiences, task approach skills
Ginzberg group focused on three stages
Fantasy (birth to 11), Tentative (11-17), and Realistic (17 to early adulthood)
Mark Savicka's constructed which career developmental theory?
Career construction, post modern theory
His work is heavily rooted in narrative therapy
What is social cognitive counseling theory? (SCCT)
focuses on how one's belief system impacts career choice
Who created the theory of cicumscription?
Linda Gottfredson
What is the theory of cicumscription?
this is a developmental approach taking one's childhood into account.
How many career anchors were in Edgar Schein's theory?
Eight
What is Schein's theory based on?
Career anchors were based on the self-concept, abilities, and what the person is good at.
What are Schein's eight anchors?
1) autonomy/independence, 2) security/stability, 3) technical/functional competence, 4) general managerial competence, 5) entrepreneurial creativity, 6) service/dedication to a cause, 7) pure challenge, 8) lifestyle
Lifestyle and career development have been emphasized since....
since the beginning of the counseling and guidance movement and are still major areas of concern
The trait and factor fails to take _____ into account.
individual change throughout the life span
Who is John Crites?
the need for career counseling exceeds the need for therapy
What is the glass ceiling and lavender ceiling ????
Women and LGBT+
What is a reentry woman?
Women who have made the transition from homemaker to jobs outside the home could very well be referred to this
Roe was the first career specialist to utilize a two-dimensional system of occupational classification utilizing .....
fields and levels
Who is Victor Vroom?
Motivation and management expectancy theory throws another mix of factors into the ring that is relevant once the individual is employed
What is the difference between vocational guidance and career counseling?
Vocational guidance is seen as a developmental and educational process within a school system.
Career counseling is viewed as therapeutic service for adult performed outside an educational setting.
What is an avocation?
A leisure activity that one engages in for pleasure rather than money is often referred to as this.
Who is Edmund Griffith Williamson?
He was the chief spokesperson for the so-called Minnesota Viewpoint, which expanded upon Parson's model to create a theory of counseling which transcended vocational issues.
Why is the trait-and-factor model grounded in "differential psychology"?
It is the study of individual differences.
What are Parson's three steps to implement the trait-and-factor approach?
1) Knowledge of the self and aptitudes and interests.
2) Knowledge of jobs, including the advantages and disadvantages of them.
3) Matching the individual with th eowrk
What is a criticism of the trait-and-factor approach?
It does not take into account the individual's change in the life span
Most experts in the field of career counseling would classify Roe, Brill, and Holland as _______ theorists.
Personality ( could also be known as structural theory )
What is David Wechsler well-known for?
He created the Wechlser intelligence scales
What is Henry Murray known for?
The "needs-press" theory and the TAT (along with Christina Morgan) projective test. The occupation is used to meet a person's current need.
Research into the phenomenon of career maturity reflects the work of
John Crites
The model Krumboltz suggested is
a behavioristic model of career development
What are Super's life stages??
Growth (birth to age 14)
Exploration (Ages 15-24)
Establishment (ages 24-44)
Maintenance (Ages 44-64)
Decline (age 65+)

Memory device: GEE MD
Super's life-span life-stage theory emphasizes ___ life stages
5
Developmental career theorists view career choice as an ongoing or so-called longitudinal process rather than a single decision made at one point in time. The pioneer theorists in this area- who were the first to forsake the matching models- were ..........
Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Axelrad and Herma
What is Robert Rosenthal famous for?
His research regarding the "experimenter effect"
Holland relied on a personality theory of career choice. Robert Hoppock's theory, based on the work of _______ is also considered a personality approach.
Henry Murray
Another career theorist who drew upon psychoanalytic doctrines was A.A Brill. Brill emphasized ________________ as an ego defense mechanism
Sublimination
Some support for Roe's theory comes from
The Rorschach and the thematic apperception test (TAT)
What is actuarial?
theorists are focused on some 'structure' of the individual (needs, traits, interests)
Ex: Trait-factor and needs-based theories
What is developmental?
theorists from this perspective viewed career development as occurring over time, through stages
What are Super's five vocational development tasks?
Crystallization: (14-18) formulating a general vocational goal through awareness
Specification: (18-21) moving from a tentative to a specific vocational choice
Implementation: (21-24) completing training and entering employment
Stabilization: (24-35) confirming a preferred choice by performing the job
Consolidation: (35+) becoming established in a career; advancing; achieving status
What is the life career rainbow?
included the life span with its major stages and life space which consists of role we play
Roles: child, student, citizen, spouse, homemaker, parent, worker, leisure, and pensioner
What is the archway model? super
a graphic representation of the many determinants that comprise one's self-concept
One pillar: represents the factors and variables within the individual that influence career development such as needs, aptitudes, interests and achievements
Second pillar: includes external factors such as family, community, and labor market.
-top of the arch between the two pillars is the self of the individual
RIASEC
Realistic: aggressive, prefers explicit tasks requiring physical manipulation; poor interpersonal skills
EX: mechanic, technician
Investigative: intellectual; prefers systematic, creative investigation; poor persuasive and social skills
EX: chemist, computer programmer
Artistic: imaginative; prefers self-expression; dislike systematic and ordered activities
EX: artist, editor
Social: prefers activities that inform, develop, or enlighten others; dislikes activities involving tools or machines
EX: teacher, counselor
Enterprising: extroverted; prefers leadership and persuasive roles; dislikes abstract, cautious activities
EX: manager, sales person
Conventional: practical; prefers ordered, structured activities; dislikes ambiguous and unsystemized tasks
EX: file clerk, cost accountant
What did Holland develop?
Vocational preference inventory
Self-Directed Search
Who is Linda Gottfredson?
'Circumscription and Compromise'
-focuses on the vocational development processes experienced by children
-circumscribed=narrow down occupations
-compromise=opt out of unavailable or inappropriate occupations
What are Gottfredson's four stages of individual development?
Orientation to size and power: (3-5) they can name occupations they would like to do
Orientation to Sex: (6-8) occupations are sex-typed
Orientation to social valuation: (9-13)occupations vary greatly in social value-desirability
Orientation to internal unique self: (14+) internal factors such as aspirations, values, and interests are critical
What are Roe's six levels?
Professional and Managerial (highest)
Professional and managerial (regular)
Semi-professional and managerial
skilled
semi-skilled
unskilled
What are Roe's eight fields?
Service
Business contact
Managerial
General cultural
Arts and entertainment
technology
outdoor
science
Who are Tiedeman and Miller-Tiedeman?
Believed that career development occurred as part of the cognitive development as one resolved ego-relevant crises
-career decision making is a continuous process consisting of two phases, anticipation or preoccupation, and implementation or adjustment
What is self-efficacy?
An individual's expectations will influence whether a behavior will be initiated, how much effort will be expended, and how persistent the individual's belief that he or she can perform some task
What is constuctivism?
this approach suggests that individuals construct their own reality or truth through their own way of organizing information
What is contextualism?
implies that career development is a constant interplay of forces within the individual, within the environment, and the interaction between the two
Who is H.B. Gelatt?
Focuses on the decision making process
What is Gelatt's decision making process?
Recognize a need to make a decision
Collect data and look at courses of action
besides looking at courses of action, examine potential outcomes and their probability
attend to your value system
evaluate and make a decision (choose), and the decision can be investigatory
What did John Crites develop?
A comprehensive model of career counseling
Three diagnosis: differential-What are the problems?
Dynamic-why have the problems occurred?
Decisional-How are the problems being dealt with
He advocated for client-centered and developmental counseling, psychodynamic techniques, trait-factor and behavioral approaches
-vocational maturity: Career Maturity Inventory
What factors might affect decision making?
Risk taking style
investment
personal values
self-efficacy
What is a portfolio career?
many workers are engaged in more than one line of work at the same time/ may or may not require similar skills
What is an encore career?
many retired individuals by choice or necessity are returning to work
What is career guidance?
assists individuals in understanding and acting upon self-knowledge and knowledge of opportunities in work, education, and leisure, and to develop decision making skills
What is career counseling?
emphasis is on career development of an individual with special attention to values and attitudes, in a dynamic environment with a focus on self-understanding, career information, and career planning and decision making
What is the career counselor process?
Establish a relationship
Problem Identification
Assessment
Provide information
Decision making
Implementation and follow-up
What are aptitude tests?
tests that assess how well a person can learn or acquire skills and abilities
-O*Net Ability Profiler
ASVAB
DAT (Differential aptitude tests
measures verbal reasoning, mathematical reasoning and spatial perception
What are achievement tests?
a test designed to assess what a person has learned
-SAT
ACT
GRE
What are Interest tests?
Strong Interest Inventory
Self-Directed Search
What is a personality test?
Myers Briggs Type Indicator
What are Values tests?
super's work value inventory-revised
Minnesota Importance Questionnaire
What is the World-of-Work Map?
a method of organizing families of occupation and developed by ACT
incorporates Holland Codes
What is the SIGI 3?
System of Interactive Guidance and Information
Discover
Magellan 7
Choices
Focus
What is the workforce innovation and opportunity act (WIOA)?
federal law was passed in 2014
consolidates programs for employment and training, adult education as well as programs under the 1973 rehabilitation act. I replaced the workforce investment act of 1998
What are the division within the ACA which relate to career development and employment issues?
National Career Development Association
National Employment Counseling Association
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