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Senses chapter 12

Terms in this set (28)

what is auditory
hearing
what is gustation
to taste
what is olfaction
sense of smell
what is sensory adaptation
ability to ignore unimportant stimuli
what are the 3 categories of general senses and generally where they are found
exteroceptive- body surface, superficial pain
Interoceptive- internal, viscera, BP, stomach stretching, small intestine, large intestine and bladder
proprioceptive- directly changes muscle, tendons and joints
What are the special senses and where are they found
has sensory receptors are within large, complex sensory organs in the head.
smell- nose olfactory organs
taste- mouth, taste buds
hearing- ears (inner)
sight- eyes
what are sensory receptors?
Collects information from the environment, and relay it to the CNS on sensory neurons. They link NS to internal and external changes or events.
(specialized cells or multicellular structures)
List the different types of sensory receptors along with what they are sensitive to.
a) Chemoreceptors-chemicals, o2 concentrations
b) Pain receptors-tissue damage
c) Thermoreceptors- temperature change (moderate)
d) Mechanoreceptors- mechanical forces (touch, tension, BP, stretch)
e) Photoreceptors- light response (eyes)
Describe the types of pain
a) fast pain- myelinated axons, conduct impulses rapidly, shape (acute) pain, stops as soon as stimulus stops.
b) slow pain- unmyelinated axons, conduct impulses slowly, dull/aching, difficult to localize, pain continues after stimulus stop.
c) referred pain- visceral pain may feels as if coming from some other part of the body.
Where are gustatory receptors located?
Tongue
Roof of mouth
Lining of cheeks
Walls of pharynx
What are the primary taste sensations?
Sweet-stimulated by carbohydrates
Sour- stimulated by acids (H+)
Salty- stimulated by salts (Na+ or K+)
Bitter- stimulated by many organic compounds, Mg and Ca salts
Umami (savory)- stimulated by some amino acids MSG
What part of the ear allows us to hear and what part deals with equilibrium?
The cochlea allows us to hear
The semicircular
Describe the 3 regions of the ear and their boundaries
Outer/ external- includes pinna, ear canal and eardrum
Middle ear-consists of ossicles (malleus incus stapes)
Inner/internal ear-made up of the cochlea, auditory nerve and bra
List the 3 ossicles of the middle ear. What is the relationship between the bones and the oval window?
a) Malleus- (outer ear)
b) Incus-
c) Stapes- (inner ear) this is where the sound is reached connected to the oval window
What are the three parts of the bony labyrinth
a) cochlea
b) Semicircular canals
c) vestibule
What is the spiral shaped portion of the ear? What does it do
The cochlea. The cochlea receives sound vibrations to allow us to hear
pain pathways
fast pain- myelinated axons sharp(acute), stops as soon as stimulus stops
slow pain- unmyelinated axon, dull aching, difficult to localize, continues after stimulus
temperature senses
warm= sensitive to temps betw 77 degree- 113 degree F
unresponsive to temps above 113 degree F
Cold= sensitive to temps betw 50 degreeF- 68 degree F
pain receptors
Freezing= respond to temp below 50 degree F
Burning= respond to temp above 113 degree F
Olfactory receptors
chemoreceptors
dissolved in liquids
provides 75-80% of sense of taste
Olfactory organs
upper nasal cavity
superior nasal conchae
portion of nasal septum
400 types of olfactory membrane receptors
Taste buds
organs of taste
located on papillae of tongue, roof of mouth, lining of cheeks and walls of pharynx
about 10,000 buds each with 50-150 taste cells(actually sensory receptors)
taste receptors
chemoreceptors
modified epithelial cells
microvilli
replaced every 3 days
parts of the outer ear
pinna- collects sound waves) funnel shaped
external auditory canal- s-shaped, carries sound to tympanic membrane, terminates at tympanic membrane.
Eardrum- vibrates in response to sound waves
parts of the middle ear
Tympanic cavity- air filled space in temporal bone
Malleus,incus,stapes- vibrate in response to tympanic membrane vibrations; amplify force
(oval window- STAPES vibrates against it to move fluids in inner ear)
eustachian tube- connect middle ear to throat, maintain equal pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane, usually closed by valve-like flaps in throat
Parts of inner ear (complex system of labyrinths)
Bony labyrinth- in temporal bone filled with perilymph fluid
Membranous labyrinth- similar shape tube that lies within bony labyrinth filled with endolymph fluid
3parts Cochlea(hearing) Semicircular canal(dynamic equilibrium) vestibule( static equilibrium)
static equilibrium
the perception of the orientation of the head when the body is stationary
dynamic equilibrium
sense that reports on angular or rotatory movements of the head in space
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