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APHG U7 Pt. 2

Terms in this set (32)

Layout of a city, its form and structure: street patterns, building sizes and shapes, architecture, population density, and land use patterns.
urban morphology
Idea that portions of an urban area, regions, or zones within a city, have specific and distinct purposes.
functional zonation
Central location where the majority of consumer services are located in a city or town because the accessibility of the location attracts these services.
central business district
Theory that describes the relationship between land value, commercial location, and transportation (primarily in urban areas) using a bid-rent gradient, or slope; used to describe how land costs are determined.
bid-rent theory
Point of land with maximum accessibility and visibility in the city, usually the center of the CBD in the concentric zone model.
peak land value intersection (plvi)
Retail on bottom floors, business on middle floors, hotel rooms and condos on the upper floors of high-rise buildings.
vertical geogaphy
Street canyon that is relatively narrow flanked on both sides by tall, continuous buildings on both sides.
urban/street canyon
Model of urban development depicting a city growing outward from the CBD in a series of concentric rings; each ring is generally occupied by different socio-economic groups.
burgess concentric zone model
Model of urban development depicting a city with wedge-shaped sectors and divisions emanating from the CBD, generally along transit routes; each sector is generally occupied by different socio-economic groups.
hoyt sector model
Model of urban development depicting a city where growth occurs around the progressive integration of multiple nodes, not around one CBD; each residential node is generally occupied by different racial groups.
harris and ullman multiple nuclei model
Areas of poorly planned, low-density development surrounding a city; often taking over agricultural land adjacent to large cities.
urban sprawl
Model of urban development depicting a city where economic activity has moved from the central business district (CBD) toward loose coalitions of other urban areas and suburbs.
galactic city/periphery model
Type of community located on the outskirts of a larger city with commercial centers with office space, retail complexes, and other amenities typical of an urban center.
edge city
Model of urban development depicting a city with a CBD, concentric rings, and sections stricken by poverty.
latin-american/griffin-ford city model
Most peripheral zone of Latin American city marked by squatter settlements and abject poverty.
periferico
Informal housing area beset with overcrowding and poverty that features temporary homes often made of wood scraps or metal sheeting.
squatter settlement
High poverty urban area in a disadvantaged location containing steep slopes, flood-prone ground, rail lines, landfills, or industry.
disamenity zones
Model of urban development depicting a city with three CBDs, growing outward in a series of concentric rings.
african city model
Cities in Muslim countries that owe their structure to their religious beliefs. Islamic cities contain a mosque at their center and walls guarding their perimeter. Open-air markets, courtyards surrounded by high walls and dead-end streets, which limit foot traffic in residential neighborhoods, are also characterize Islamic cities.
Islamic city model
Model of urban development depicting a city oriented around a port and lacking a CBD, growing outward in concentric rings and along multiple nodes.
southeast asian city model
Regulations that limit the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development in a community.
zoning ordinances
Process of promoting growth and controlling change in land use put in place by municipal (city) governments.
urban planning
Change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery.
density gradient
Process of neighborhood change in which housing vacated by more affluent groups passes down the income scale to lower-income groups.
filtering
Process by which one social or ethnic group gradually replaces another through filtering.
invasion and succession
Planned neighborhood that is either fenced or walled with a limited number of streets going in and out and guarded by security in order to control access and aesthetics within the community. The landscaping, housing styles, and other visual elements are strictly regulated.
gated community
Movement of commerce out from cities to suburbs where rents are cheaper and commutes for employees are shorter.
suburbanization of business
Legally adding land area to a city in the United States by a vote of residents in the affected area.
annexation
Community of homes and land has come together to form a city or town and be able have its own laws and create its own services, i.e. fire, police, education, etc.
incorporation
Populated area which does not fall under the legal boundary of any city or municipality yet still get public services or administration from a higher level of government such as a county, parish, borough, or province.
unincorporated areas
Area delineated by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for which statistics are published; in urban areas, census tracks correspond roughly to neighborhoods with approximately 4,000 to 12,000 people.
census tracts
Statistical analysis used to identify where people of similar living standards, ethnic background, and life styles live within an urban area. Both quantitative and qualitative data are used to compile the final product.
social area analysis
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