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Cell respiration and metabolism

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Metabolism

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is the complete set of chemical reactions that occur in living cells. These processes are the basis of life, allowing cells to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments.

The chemical reactions of metabolism

are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed into another by a sequence of enzymes.

Enzymes allow the regulation of metabolic pathways

in response to changes in the cell's environment or signals from other cells.

Catabolic reactions

release energy, usually by the breakdown of larger organic molecules into smaller molecules.

The catabolic reactions that break down glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids

serve as the primary sources of energy for the synthesis of ATP. this means that some of the chemical-bond energy in glucose is transferred to the chemical bond energy in ATP. Since energy transfers can never be 100% efficient, some of the chemical-bond energy from glucose is lost as heat.