Leukemia & Lymphoma

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
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Terms in this set (14)
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
most common in CHILDREN, 23% of childhood cancers, high intensity, dramatic symptoms
-*Pre B or Pre T lymphocytes do not mature or function. They are lymphoblasts.*
-the lymphoblasts my infiltrate the lymph nodes, CNS, kidneys, and testicles
-T cell ALL = worse prognosis
ALL manifestations
HEADACHES (bc may affect CNS)
-enlarged lymph node or spleen is often first sign
virus sym at first
general: pallor, bruising, fatigue, dyspnea, bone pain
-high lymphoblast count
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
MOST COMMON LEUKEMIA in US, older adults (70yrs old), family history of hematologic cancer
-malignancy of B-lymphs. PRECURSOR B CELLS failed to mature and have minimal function which produce ABNORMAL IGS
-humoral immunity
-less intense
CLL manifestations
enlarged PAINLESS lymph node
general: fatigue, fever, weight loss, pain from enlarged spleen, frequent infection
-high WBC count
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
proliferation of undifferentiated myeloid (blast) cells in bone marrow
-can invade blood, TISSUES, spleen, liver,
-children
-risk factors: chemotherapy and radiation
will not metastasize into the brain but is common in the SKIN
AML manifestations
similar to ALL
-high myeloid blast count in bone marrow
RASH
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
overproduction of MATURE MYELOID CELLS in bone marrow
-older adults (50 yrs)
-95% have Philadelphia chromosome
-overproduction of Neutrophil is most common
CML manifestations (Chronic Phase)
asymptomatic
neutrophils lose differentiation
CML manifestations (Accelerated Phase)
neutrophils are more undifferentiated and unable to function
CML manifestations (Blast crisis phase)
terminal, evolution to acute leukemia
Signs & Sym: BONE PAIN & other general symptoms
Malignant Lymphomas (generally)first sign is painless, enlarged lymph node in neck -diagnosed by biopsyNon-Hodgkin's Lymphoma83% of lymphoma cases, older men -malignant transformations of **either T or B lymphocytes or NK cells** -lymphatic blockage, nerve impairment (numbness) -stages (1-4) means how many lymph nodes are affects and how many sides of the diaphragm has it spreadHodgkin's Lymphoma15-20 yrs and 50 yrs or older -abnormal B lymphocyte (**Reed-sternberg cell**) -typically starts in the lymph nodes in the upper tract in the neck, then spreads to contiguous nodes -sore throatMultiple MyelomaBlack men -proliferation of abnormal plasma cells in bone marrow = abnormal Igs -** leading to bone destruction** -**bone pain in back*** -other general symp