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Endocrine System II

Terms in this set (37)

Amino acids in the diet that are not used to make proteins can be used in __________.
gluconeogenesis
What is another name for the fed state that occurs after a meal is consumed?
Absorptive state
What happens to excess glucose in the body?
It is used for lipogenesis.
It is used for lipogenesis.
Amino acids
A patient has a gene mutation that does not allow hormones to stimulate the activity of enzymes in the fed state. Based on push-pull control, which do you expect?
More glucose and less glycogen, because insulin cannot activate enzymes
A student is fasting for religious reasons. Which would you expect?
Increased glycogenolysis and increased lipolysis
What is the ultimate fate of proteins in the fasted state?
Deamination of amino acids in the liver
Type 2 Diabetes
target cells do not respond normally to insulin.
Type 1 diabetes
occurs when no insulin is produced
In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes,
glucose levels remain higher than normal.
Insulin is produced by the __________ cells of the pancreas.
beta
Which function is NOT associated with a glucagon-dominated metabolic state?
Glucose oxidation
Why is glucose present in the urine of people with diabetes mellitus?
Insulin target cells are not able to take in the glucose from the blood, resulting in hyperglycemia and saturation of kidney glucose transporters
In the fasted state, which hormone combination would occur?
Higher glucagon and lower insulin
How does the binding of insulin to its receptor stimulate glucose uptake from the bloodstream?
It stimulates insertion of GLUT4 transporters in the cell membrane.
What causes most cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Antibodies and leukocytes destroy beta cells.
A patient had a trauma that damaged an endocrine gland, causing decreased hormone secretion. Which of the following would you expect?
Decreased negative feedback and decreased cellular responses
Endocrine pathologies can occur through excess secretion, inadequate secretion, and what other mechanism?
Abnormal target cell response
The common precursor for all steroid hormones is __________.
cholesterol
Which area of the adrenal gland produces cortisol?
Zona fasciculata
Which of these following would be a cause of secondary hypercortisolism?
A cancerous tumor secreting ACTH
A patient has a disease that destroys cells that secrete cortisol. Which of the following would you expect to find?
Increased CRH and increased ACTH
Which of the following hormones is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress?
epinephrine
In response to stress, which of the following changes would happen?
decreased insulin secretion
Which of the following are symptom(s) of pheochromocytoma?
heart palpitations
Choose which condition has all of the following symptoms: hypertension, hyperglycemia, and a "moon face."
Cushing's disease
What hormone also aids the stress response by promoting water retention and acting as a vasoconstrictor?
ADH (vasopressin)
A patient has a tumor that secretes increased thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]. Which would you expect?
Irritability and weight loss
A patient is born without a pituitary. Which would you expect to be true of hormone levels?
Increased TRH and decreased thyroid hormones
How is iodide brought into follicular cells from the bloodstream in the thyroid gland?
Sodium-iodide symporter
Which of the following is a sign of hyperthyroidism?
Myxedema
Which of the following is the site of dysfunction in someone who has excessive TSH and excessive thyroid hormones but low TRH?
Anterior pituitary
Acromegaly is caused by __________.
increased growth hormone levels
How is the hypothalamic control of growth hormone (GH) release different from the control of TSH and ACTH?
The hypothalamus releases both stimulatory and inhibitory tropic hormones for GH. It only releases stimulatory hormones for TSH and ACTH.
Which of the following is an action of growth hormone?
Increased insulin-like growth factor secretion
A 7-year-old patient develops an anterior pituitary tumor that secretes excess hormone. Which of the following would you expect to find?
Giantism
Which hormone is permissive for growth and important for normal neural development?
thyroid hormone
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