Amygdalaoveractive=risk factorHippocampussmaller hippocampal volume=risk factorCommunity based psychological first aid model *JACOBS*purpose to support people who are experiencing an ordinary reaction to an extraordinary event
NOT INTENDED FOR THERAPY, HEALING PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, OR REACHING PARTICULAR GOAL OR PEROSONAL CHANGEThe BESTT ear's model
why is BESTT misspelled-listening takes place at many levels categorized into verbal and nonverbal
-nonverbal: body language, eye contact, space, time, touch
(BESTT)
-the extra T stands for touch
-verbal: encourage, ask, restate/reflectWhat does SODA refer to?S = Situation
O = Options
D = Disadvantages
A = Advantages
S = Solution
Stop
Options
Decide
ActWhat is the most commonly/widely supported treatment for PTSD?CBT (Prolonged Exposure)Relationship bw trauma and the intensity/suddenness of the impactwithin disaster risk factor?
severity of exposure: Onset, Intensity, DurationDissociationany of a wide array of experiences from mild detachment from immediate surroundings to more severe detachment from physical and emotional experience. The major characteristic of all dissociative phenomena involves a detachment from reality, rather than a loss of reality as in psychosisHyper vigilanceHypervigilance is a state of excessive and heightened arousal, and sensitivity to sensory stimuli. It is characterized by increased anxiety and a heightened sense of threat detection.Anhedonialoss of pleasureThe elderly are particularly at risk for what in a disaster recovery process?What are some of the guidelines for helping children?Diff medications that have been demonstrated to have some support for PTSD?What are flashbacks?
What are they associated with?
What causes them?Flashback - feeling like it is happening all over againWhat does the time course for PTSD evolve overtime?Prolonged Exposure (PE)breathing restraining, psycho education, in vivo exposure, imaginal exposures
front-line, empirically-supported treatment
-gold standard for trauma/PTSD
-despite empirical evidence, some concerned it may overwhelm clientsControversial treatments - why are they controversialGrieving model (Elizabeth Ross)
What are the steps/sequences of the grieving model?What is it time for someone to get professional help post disaster?What are the diff kinds of support?What are the complimentary treatments for PTSD?
ExposurePros and cons of expressive writing
Who is the researcher most associated with expressive writing?pros- reduces depression, anxiety, PTSD.. allows to come to terms with events, deriving meaning from experiences
cons-
JAMES PENNEBAKERDiff components of meaning1) Making sense of the event (coherence)
2) Perserving sense of mattering (significance)
3) Providing broader goal (purpose/calling)Spiritual enduranceto withstand adversitySpiritual enterpriseto act virtuously in the midst of adversitySpiritual fortitudeconfidence that people have that they possess sufficient spiritual resources to deal with adversityRedemptive purposeto find meaning in adversityPre-disaster risk factors-Female gender
-Aged 40-60
-Ethnic-minority group membership
-Poverty or low SES
-Presence of exposed children in the home
-history of mental health probsPTSD Comorbidity-Panic disorder
-generalized anxiety disorder
-major depression
-suicidality
-substance use disorders
-adjustment disorders
-sleep disorders
-conduct disordersDifference bw in vivo versus imaginal exposure?in vivo you are actually there; imaginal you describe it in detailMost co-morbid with PTSD?depression
