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Exam 2-Nutrition and Alternative Medicine

Terms in this set (48)

what can't be made in our body and needs supplemented?
amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, fibers, carbs, nitrogen, water
what is the basic processes of nutriton?
motility (propulse and mix), secretion (water, organic solvenets), digestions (hydrolyze and break down to absorbable), absorb
monosaccharide vs disaccharide vs polysaccharide
mono-galactose, glucose, maltose...di-lactose, sucrose...poly-amylase, glycogen
where do nutrients get absorbed mostly and once absorbed how do they travel in body?
small intestine and travel through blood and lymph
BMI classifications
<18.5 underweight, 19-24.9 normal, 25-30 overweight, over 30 obese
the US department of health and human services reccomends what exercise?
150-300 minutes per week (muscle strengthen and aerobic) to preserve lean body mass, help prevent decrease of basal energy expenditure, long term weight maintenecane
what are nutritional related health conditions?
obesity, CVD (#1 cause of death in US), DM, cancer (colorectal, breast), bone health (osteoporosis)
average adult caloric goals vs hpocaloric and very low
2,000 cal goal, hypocaloric 1,000-2,000, very low under 1,000
what are the food groups and how much should be eaten of each?
fruit-2 c (increase fruits esp whole)
veggies-2.5 c (increases veggies eat from each subgroup)
grains-6 oz (more whole)
dairy-3 c (low or no fat)
protein- 5.5 oz (increase seafoods and have nuts as side)
oils-27 g (more liquid than solid)
what things should be limited in diet?
added sugars (choose beverages without, limit dessert portions, choose fruit), sodium (decrease/low alt diet, fresher foods), saturate fats (less than 10% of caloric intake, more oils)
what are some popular diets?
atkins, keto, paleo, vegan, weight watchers, mediterranean, intermittent fasting
limit ccabrs, high proteins, increase fatty foods...risk of too much fat increasing health concerns
atkins diet
controls when eat food not what food, 16/8 (fast 16 each 8 hrs), eat fast eat (24 hours of fast), 5:2 2 days non concurent limit to 500-600...help maintian muscle mass, increase metabolic rate shortly...risk of overcompensation or hypoglycemic episodes
intermittent fasting diet
decrease carbs and increase fats safely entering ketosis...risk of increased fats
keto diet
focus on meat, poultry, chicken, fish, fruit, veggies...low sodium but missing grains and dairy not balanced and expensive
paleo diet
no animal meats or animal products (dairy, cheese, eggs)...high fiber and filling but not balanced expensive, restrictive, lack protein and vitamins
vegan diet
SmartPoints system guides members toward an overall eating pattern that is lower in calories, saturated fat and sugar, and higher in protein...Eat what you want, no food off limits Individual flexibility of diet...Concerns Expense
weight watchers diet
what technology is available with weight loss
smart scales, apps, food scales
what are the alternative medicines?
acupuncture
aromatherapy
hypnosis
homeopathy
guided imagery
chiropractic
massage
meditation
tai chi
yoga
ayuveda
what are the herbal meds?
aloe vera
ginger
garlic
ginko
kava kava
saw palmetto
st johns wort
echenachiae
valerian
cranberry
capsacium
milk thistle
chamomille
black cohosh
Restoration of a balance of energy flow, Qi
Another explanation suggests that, possibly, the stimulation activates endorphin receptors Releases opioid peptides (found to be reversible with naloxone)...can cause soreness, organ injury infection, stim labor...avoid if bleeding disorders or pacemaker
acupuncture
Essential oils can be applied Topically w or w/o massage Aerosolized Many oils can be used...most common: lavender, citronella, bergamot for anxiety pain nausea sleep, mild anxiolytic effect proven...can irritate skin
aromatherapy
Indian healthcare system incorporates the body, mind, and spirit to prevent and treat disease.
Includes special types of diets, herbs, and minerals...cures disease, treat children, rejuvenation, surgical techniques, teeth/eye/nose/ear care, micro-organisms and spirits, antidotes to poison, healthy and desired progeny
ayuveda
therapies that emphasize mind or brain in conjunction with body to assist healing
focus is on a target visual stimulus
Proposed indications Pain control Fibromyalgia Post-operative
guided imagery
Substances (minerals, plant extracts, chemicals, or disease-producing germs), which in sufficient doses would produce a set of illness symptoms in healthy individuals Given in microdoses to produce a "cure" of same symptoms Symptom is not thought to be part of the illness but part of a curative process...LITTLE evidence to support homeopathy...remedies serially diluted law of minimu does, just water only imprinted by original supstance
homeopathy
Lead patient into a focused, trance-like state Concentrate intensely on one specific thought, memory, feeling, or sensation and blocking out all distractions patients become calm, relaxed, and open to hypnotic suggestion
Proposed indications Pain syndromes Behavioral changes Smoking Weight control Hot flashes
Degree of research Limited proof in improvement of pain syndrome
Complications Creation of false memories Headache Anxiety or distress Drowsiness or dizziness...cause for age regression and can lead to creation of false memories
hypnosis
application of varied techniques to the muscles, ligaments, tendons, and related structures in the pursuit of health and wellness
Types- Swedish, trigger point, reflexology, lymphatic drainage, DEEP TISSUE...Proposed indications Pain syndromes Osteoarthritis
Degree of research found to improve symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee and chronic low back pain, decrease medication use and medical costs, and decrease perception of cancer pain.
Complications (rare) Injuries Hemorrhage
Contraindications metastatic lesions severe osteoporosis bleeding disorders thrombosis infections or wounds
massage
emphasize using the mind or brain in conjunction with the body to assist healing
intentional use of posture, concentration, contemplation, and visualization induce relaxation, increase vital energy ("qi" or "prana"), attain closeness to God, or induce a state of contemplation or ultimate consciousness for pain and anxiety
meditation
nteraction between the structure and the function of the body, with particular attention paid to the spine
primary goal was to correct musculoskeletal misalignments (subluxations) to relieve nerve pressure to alleviate pain improve the body's innate self-healing capability
Proposed indications Low back pain Headache Neck pain...Complications Herniated disk Compression of nerves cauda equina syndrome Vertebral artery dissection (after neck manipulation)
Contraindications Severe osteoporosis Spinal Cancer Increased risk of stroke Unstable spine Numbness, tingling or loss of strength in an arm or leg
chiropractic
technique that uses slow, purposeful motor-physical movements of the body to control and achieve a more balanced physiologic and psychological state.
Proposed indications Anxiety improve balance reduce pain
Degree of research In meta-analysis, most convincing evidence of health benefits in this review was for bone density, cardiopulmonary fitness, prevention of falls, balance, quality of life, and self-efficacy Small studies show improvement of pain in OA, RA, and Fibromyalgia
tai chi
ombined focus on mindfulness, breathing, and physical movements is health inducing for the mind and the body
Proposed indications Anxiety Depression Pain Disability
Degree of research Multiple randomized control trials show reduction in pain Small studies show decrease in depression and disability
yoga
a substance used for therapeutic purposes coming from plant leaves, roots, seeds, or extracts
herbal
item added to food or a diet to increase nutritional value
supplement
vital nutrient essential to metabolic practices without energy and cannot be made in sufficient quantities by humans (may be a supplement)
vitamin
increases collagen content of the wound but also changed collagen composition (more type III) and increased the degree of collagen cross linking accelerates wound contraction and increased the breaking strength of resulting scar tissue
Anthranoid derivatives has laxative effect... skin burns/wounds, cosntipation...oral risk or AKI, muscle weakness, red color of urine
aloe vera
Possible effect on estrogen receptors
Proposed indications Menopausal symptoms...possible liver damage
Higher than average lead levels in the blood
Stomach discomfort
black cohosh
Main constituent produces an intense burning sensation when it comes into contact with the skin, eyes, or mucous membranes
Proposed indications Topical Pain relief Unbroken chilblains Oral Colic peripheral circulation...high doses can act as a carcinogen and could promote gastric cancer
low doses it seems to have anticarcinogenic activity
capsacium
anti-inflammatory activities involve the inhibition of LPS-induced prostaglandin E(2) release and attenuation of cyclooxygenase (COX-2)
Contains chemicals Apigenin that helps in calming down the central nervous system Bisabolol, which act as antispasmodics...for Insomnia
Inflammation
Muscle spasms
Gastrointestinal disorders
Arthritis
chamomille
prevent adhesion of bacteria to the bladder wall
may also reduce the risk of formation of some types of urinary stone
Complications of immune thrombocytopenia Warfarin enhancement
Additional details
cranberry
Phenols which may have antimicrobial properties.
Alkylamides bind to cannabinoid receptors Create variety of modulatory functions, including immune suppression, induction of apoptosis, cell migration and inhibition of tumor necrosis factor...used for fighting infections (yeast, common cold), no conclusive evidence...long term can cuase Stomach pain
Diarrhea
Nausea
Vomiting
echinacea
Contains allicin which may keep platelets from sticking together reduces the risk of blood clots, and may have anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and cholesterol-lowering effects
for high blood pressure coronary artery disease Hypercholesterolemia...trials show minimal improvement and can cause Hemorrhage or
Unpleasant breath or body odor
garlic
Contains gingerol which may stimulate gastric emptying and antral contractions
Proposed indications Motion sickness Nausea esp pregnancy...can have GI complications sleepiness and potentiate warfarin
ginger
inhibit platelet activation factor
dilate arteries and capillaries
Block the release of chemotactic factors and inflammatory mediators
Proposed indications Alzheimer's disease Claudication...can cause Hemorrhage
Headache
GI symptoms
ginko
contains kavalactones with may potentiate GABA AND
May inhibit reuptake of norepinephrine and possibly dopamine
Proposed indications Anxiety Insomnia
risk of dependecne, euphoria, parkinsonism, hepatotoxic
kava kava
may be hepatoprotective through a number of mechanisms: antioxidant activity toxin blockade at the membrane level enhanced protein synthesis antifibriotic activity anti-inflammatory or immunomodulating effects used for Chronic liver disease
Diabetes
Diabetic neuropathy
milk thistle
shrink prostate inner lining that puts pressure on the tubes that carry urine
Proposed indications Benign prostatic hypertrophy Prostatitis esp before surgery or symptoms of BPH...can cause platelet dysfunction
saw palmetto
monoamine oxidase inhibitor and serotonin reuptake inhibition
CYP3A4 Liver metabolized
Proposed indications depression Anxiety Insomnia...MANY MAOI side effctsm serotonin syndrome, GI sx, dizziness
st johns wort
Increasing the amount of GABA available in the synaptic cleft.
Proposed indications Insomnia Anxiety Headaches..can cause tiredness after use, dizzy, headache, use for short term
valerian
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