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Terms in this set (10)
pharmacokinetics
-absorbed poorly po, well IM & IV
-distributed widely
-not metabolized
-excreted by kidneys
mechanism of action
-Rx transported across bacteria cell membrane
-inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
-bacteriostatic & bactericidal
-Inhibits multiplication
-Inhibits growth
therapeutic use
-Used for major infections
-Health care acquired infections
-Critically ill - bacteremia(Peritonitis,Pneumonia,Gm+ and Gm- bacteria)
drug interaction
-Extended spectrum penicillins( desire effect decreased with penicillin)
-Give at least 7 hour apart
adverse reaction
-Limited use due to serious toxicity (peak & trough)
Predictable
-ototoxicity(hearing damage), nephrotoxicity
-Superinfection(prolong use of aminoglycosides)
-Nausea/vomiting/diarrhea
-Photosensitivity
Unpredictable
-Allergic reactions
nursing implications
-Assess renal function - BUN(amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from waste urea product)& creatinine(waste product of wear and tear on muscle)both resulting in impaired renal and kidney function
-Assess hearing
-C & S before starting
-hydrate patient
-monitor vital signs
-absorbed poorly po, well IM & IV
-distributed widely
-not metabolized
-excreted by kidneys
mechanism of action
-Rx transported across bacteria cell membrane
-inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
-bacteriostatic & bactericidal
-Inhibits multiplication
-Inhibits growth
therapeutic use
-Used for major infections
-Health care acquired infections
-Critically ill - bacteremia(Peritonitis,Pneumonia,Gm+ and Gm- bacteria)
drug interaction
-Extended spectrum penicillins( desire effect decreased with penicillin)
-Give at least 7 hour apart
adverse reaction
-Limited use due to serious toxicity (peak & trough)
Predictable
-ototoxicity(hearing damage), nephrotoxicity
-Superinfection(prolong use of aminoglycosides)
-Nausea/vomiting/diarrhea
-Photosensitivity
Unpredictable
-Allergic reactions
nursing implications
-Assess renal function - BUN(amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from waste urea product)& creatinine(waste product of wear and tear on muscle)both resulting in impaired renal and kidney function
-Assess hearing
-C & S before starting
-hydrate patient
-monitor vital signs
pharmacokinetics
-Absorption (Oral dose varies IM for noncompliant/inconvenient, painful
IV immediate distribution)
-Distribution isWide throughout body
-Limited metabolism in liver
-Excretion by kidneys
mechanism of action
-Bactericidal - destroys the bacteria
-inhibits cell wall synthesis
-Cell lysis
therapeutic use
-Wide spectrum of antimicrobial action
-Gram+ and Gram- bacteria
-Common infections: syphilis, URI, otitis media, UTI
Endocarditis
drug interaction
-Decreases effectiveness of oral contraceptives
-Inactivates aminoglycosides if mixed in IV solution
adverse reaction
-Low incidence of serious toxicity
Predictable
-Hepatotoxicity
-GI - glossitis, N/V/D
-Colitis
-Superinfection
-CNS irritability
-Convulsions
unpredictable
-Allergic
-5-10 % of population
-Mild to moderate: rash
-Anaphylactic - SOB, hypotensive: Tx epinephrine
-Serum sickness 7-10 days after Tx
-fever, hives, joint pain
-Renal failure
-Hematuria( blood in urine)
-Proteinuria(protein in urine)
nursing implications
-Assess patient history
-Check allergies
-Prior medication
-Chronic conditions (renal, hepatic, cardiac)
-Assess GI symptoms
-Monitor electrolyte levels, H&H, liver enzymes, B-UN/creat
-Monitor for superinfection
-Monitor for allergic reaction
-Advise patient to complete full course
-Absorption (Oral dose varies IM for noncompliant/inconvenient, painful
IV immediate distribution)
-Distribution isWide throughout body
-Limited metabolism in liver
-Excretion by kidneys
mechanism of action
-Bactericidal - destroys the bacteria
-inhibits cell wall synthesis
-Cell lysis
therapeutic use
-Wide spectrum of antimicrobial action
-Gram+ and Gram- bacteria
-Common infections: syphilis, URI, otitis media, UTI
Endocarditis
drug interaction
-Decreases effectiveness of oral contraceptives
-Inactivates aminoglycosides if mixed in IV solution
adverse reaction
-Low incidence of serious toxicity
Predictable
-Hepatotoxicity
-GI - glossitis, N/V/D
-Colitis
-Superinfection
-CNS irritability
-Convulsions
unpredictable
-Allergic
-5-10 % of population
-Mild to moderate: rash
-Anaphylactic - SOB, hypotensive: Tx epinephrine
-Serum sickness 7-10 days after Tx
-fever, hives, joint pain
-Renal failure
-Hematuria( blood in urine)
-Proteinuria(protein in urine)
nursing implications
-Assess patient history
-Check allergies
-Prior medication
-Chronic conditions (renal, hepatic, cardiac)
-Assess GI symptoms
-Monitor electrolyte levels, H&H, liver enzymes, B-UN/creat
-Monitor for superinfection
-Monitor for allergic reaction
-Advise patient to complete full course
pharmacokinetics
-Absorption poor po, IM painful, better IV
-Distribution wide except CNS
-Metabolized different by each generation
-Excreted by kidneys
mechanism of action
-Bactericidal
-Have beta lactam structure similar to PCN(Inhibits cell wall synthesis/Cell lysis occurs)
therapeutic use
-Gm+ and Gm-, some anaerobic
-Surgical prophylaxis
-Respiratory, skin, soft tissue infections
-Bones, joints, UTI, otitis media
drug interaction
-Alcohol(HA, dizziness, flushing, N/V, cramps)
-Uricosuric drugs can decrease the excretion of cephalosporins
adverse reaction
Predictable
I-M painful
-Colitis
-Thrombophlebitis
-Renal insufficiency
-Bleeding disorders
-GI: N/V/D
-Superinfection
unpredictable
-Hypersensitivity
-Mild to severe
-Approximately 10% cross-reactivity with PCN
nursing implications
-Check for allergies to penicillin (PCN)
-Give IM with lidocaine
-Monitor for superinfection
-Avoid alcohol (ETOH)
-Monitor renal and liver function
-Complete course
-Absorption poor po, IM painful, better IV
-Distribution wide except CNS
-Metabolized different by each generation
-Excreted by kidneys
mechanism of action
-Bactericidal
-Have beta lactam structure similar to PCN(Inhibits cell wall synthesis/Cell lysis occurs)
therapeutic use
-Gm+ and Gm-, some anaerobic
-Surgical prophylaxis
-Respiratory, skin, soft tissue infections
-Bones, joints, UTI, otitis media
drug interaction
-Alcohol(HA, dizziness, flushing, N/V, cramps)
-Uricosuric drugs can decrease the excretion of cephalosporins
adverse reaction
Predictable
I-M painful
-Colitis
-Thrombophlebitis
-Renal insufficiency
-Bleeding disorders
-GI: N/V/D
-Superinfection
unpredictable
-Hypersensitivity
-Mild to severe
-Approximately 10% cross-reactivity with PCN
nursing implications
-Check for allergies to penicillin (PCN)
-Give IM with lidocaine
-Monitor for superinfection
-Avoid alcohol (ETOH)
-Monitor renal and liver function
-Complete course
pharmacokinetics
-Absorption - po several food & Rx interfere
Poor IM: painful
-Distributed - widely
-Excreted primarily by kidneys
mechanism of action
-Bacteriostatic
-Inhibits growth and multiplication
-Interferes with protein synthesis
therapeutic use
-Broad spectrum Gm+ and Gm-
-Rocky Mountain spotted fever
-Lyme disease
-Acne in low doses
drug interaction
-Antacids
-Iron
-ETOH
-Milk products
adverse reaction
Predictable
-Poor tooth enamel development under 8 years old
-GI distress: N/V/D
-Photosensitivity to skin and eyes
-Altered bone growth
-Hepatotoxic - fatty infiltrates
-Nephrotoxic - renal failure
-CNS toxic - dizzy, poor balance
-pregnancy - possible birth defects
unpredictable
-Hypersensitivity
-Anaphylaxis
-Superinfection
nursing implications
-Not in children under 8 years old
-Assess hypersensitivity
-Check if pregnant or lactating
-Not with milk, Ca, Mg, Fe
-Take on empty stomach
-doxycycline & minocycline absorbed better with food
-Avoid direct sunlight
-Monitor liver and renal function
-Monitor for superinfection
-Absorption - po several food & Rx interfere
Poor IM: painful
-Distributed - widely
-Excreted primarily by kidneys
mechanism of action
-Bacteriostatic
-Inhibits growth and multiplication
-Interferes with protein synthesis
therapeutic use
-Broad spectrum Gm+ and Gm-
-Rocky Mountain spotted fever
-Lyme disease
-Acne in low doses
drug interaction
-Antacids
-Iron
-ETOH
-Milk products
adverse reaction
Predictable
-Poor tooth enamel development under 8 years old
-GI distress: N/V/D
-Photosensitivity to skin and eyes
-Altered bone growth
-Hepatotoxic - fatty infiltrates
-Nephrotoxic - renal failure
-CNS toxic - dizzy, poor balance
-pregnancy - possible birth defects
unpredictable
-Hypersensitivity
-Anaphylaxis
-Superinfection
nursing implications
-Not in children under 8 years old
-Assess hypersensitivity
-Check if pregnant or lactating
-Not with milk, Ca, Mg, Fe
-Take on empty stomach
-doxycycline & minocycline absorbed better with food
-Avoid direct sunlight
-Monitor liver and renal function
-Monitor for superinfection
pharmacokinetics
-clindamycin is absorbed better than lincomycin through the GI tract
-Widely distributed
-excreted in bile and urine
mechanism of action
-Inhibit protein synthesis
-Bacteriostatic & bactericidal depending on dose
therapeutic use
-Gm+, anaerobic
-Serious infections
-Intraabdominal, pleuropulmonary
adverse reaction
Predictable
-GI irritation: N/V, stomatitis
-Rash
Unpredictable
-Hypersensitivity, anaphylaxis
-Pseudomembranous colitis - maybe fatal
nursing implications
-Used for health care acquired infections
-Screen patient for intestinal diseases, esp colitis
-clindamycin is absorbed better than lincomycin through the GI tract
-Widely distributed
-excreted in bile and urine
mechanism of action
-Inhibit protein synthesis
-Bacteriostatic & bactericidal depending on dose
therapeutic use
-Gm+, anaerobic
-Serious infections
-Intraabdominal, pleuropulmonary
adverse reaction
Predictable
-GI irritation: N/V, stomatitis
-Rash
Unpredictable
-Hypersensitivity, anaphylaxis
-Pseudomembranous colitis - maybe fatal
nursing implications
-Used for health care acquired infections
-Screen patient for intestinal diseases, esp colitis
pharmacokinetics
-Absorption (Gastric acid /Given PO or IV)
-Distribution(Widely)
-Metabolism(Partially by liver)
-Excretion(Bile, feces, urine)
mechanism of action
-Bacteriostatic & bactericidal depending on dose
-Inhibits protein synthesis
therapeutic use
-Broad spectrum Gm+ & Gm-
-Respiratory, sinus, GI, skin, diphtheria, impetigo(skin infection)
-Legionnaires(pneumonia caused by legionella)
-Gonorrhea & syphilis if PCN sensitive
drug interaction
-May decreased theophylline excretion(Increased toxicity)
-May increase warfarin levels(Increase risk for bleeding)
-May increase levels of cardiac medications(Increase cardiac arrhythmias)
adverse reaction
-N/V/D, abdominal discomfort
-Only with high doses
-Allergic reactions
-Hepatotoxicity
-Superinfection
nursing implications
-Assess allergies
-Assess liver function
-Not given IM: very painful
-Check incompatibilities in IV solution - many
-Absorption (Gastric acid /Given PO or IV)
-Distribution(Widely)
-Metabolism(Partially by liver)
-Excretion(Bile, feces, urine)
mechanism of action
-Bacteriostatic & bactericidal depending on dose
-Inhibits protein synthesis
therapeutic use
-Broad spectrum Gm+ & Gm-
-Respiratory, sinus, GI, skin, diphtheria, impetigo(skin infection)
-Legionnaires(pneumonia caused by legionella)
-Gonorrhea & syphilis if PCN sensitive
drug interaction
-May decreased theophylline excretion(Increased toxicity)
-May increase warfarin levels(Increase risk for bleeding)
-May increase levels of cardiac medications(Increase cardiac arrhythmias)
adverse reaction
-N/V/D, abdominal discomfort
-Only with high doses
-Allergic reactions
-Hepatotoxicity
-Superinfection
nursing implications
-Assess allergies
-Assess liver function
-Not given IM: very painful
-Check incompatibilities in IV solution - many
pharmacokinetics
-Absorption - well from GI tract
-Distribution - wide
-Metabolism - little by liver
-Excretion - in urine
mechanism of action
-Inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis
therapeutic use
-Gm+ & Gm- bacteria
-Used for UTI, respiratory, skin, bone, joint, GI, gonorrhea
drug interaction
-Antacids & iron decrease absorption
-Can increase effects of theophylline, caffeine, oral hypoglycemics
adverse reaction
-GI: N/V/D, abdominal cramps
-Dizziness
-Rash
-Photosensitivity
-Superinfection
-Nephrotoxicity
-Hepatotoxicity
nursing implications
-Monitor renal and liver labs: BUN/creat, liver enzymes
-Give 2 hrs before or after antacids and iron
-Monitor for superinfection
-Monitor serum theophylline levels
-Monitor blood sugar
-Avoid direct sunlight
-Absorption - well from GI tract
-Distribution - wide
-Metabolism - little by liver
-Excretion - in urine
mechanism of action
-Inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis
therapeutic use
-Gm+ & Gm- bacteria
-Used for UTI, respiratory, skin, bone, joint, GI, gonorrhea
drug interaction
-Antacids & iron decrease absorption
-Can increase effects of theophylline, caffeine, oral hypoglycemics
adverse reaction
-GI: N/V/D, abdominal cramps
-Dizziness
-Rash
-Photosensitivity
-Superinfection
-Nephrotoxicity
-Hepatotoxicity
nursing implications
-Monitor renal and liver labs: BUN/creat, liver enzymes
-Give 2 hrs before or after antacids and iron
-Monitor for superinfection
-Monitor serum theophylline levels
-Monitor blood sugar
-Avoid direct sunlight
pharmacokinetics
-Absorbed by GI tract
-Well distributed
-Excreted in urine
mechanism of action
-bacteriostatic(Inhibits production of folic acid)
therapeutic use
-Use in UTI, colitis, otitis media, pneumocystis pneumonia (AIDS)
-Prevents recurrence of rheumatic fever- group A beta hemolytic strep
drug interaction
-warfarin - increased anticoagulant effect
-Oral hypoglycemic - increased hypoglycemic effect
-digoxin -increased levels
adverse reaction
-High dose- crystalluria
-N/V/D common
-Hypersensitive: rash
-Photosensitivity
-Hemolytic anemia: prolonged use
nursing implications
-Patient hx (skin rash, renal disease, allergy, medications, pregnancy, lactation)
-PO with ample fluids
-Avoid direct sunlight
-Call PCP(primary care physician) for signs hematologic reaction(Sore throat, pallor, jaundice, weakness)
-Absorbed by GI tract
-Well distributed
-Excreted in urine
mechanism of action
-bacteriostatic(Inhibits production of folic acid)
therapeutic use
-Use in UTI, colitis, otitis media, pneumocystis pneumonia (AIDS)
-Prevents recurrence of rheumatic fever- group A beta hemolytic strep
drug interaction
-warfarin - increased anticoagulant effect
-Oral hypoglycemic - increased hypoglycemic effect
-digoxin -increased levels
adverse reaction
-High dose- crystalluria
-N/V/D common
-Hypersensitive: rash
-Photosensitivity
-Hemolytic anemia: prolonged use
nursing implications
-Patient hx (skin rash, renal disease, allergy, medications, pregnancy, lactation)
-PO with ample fluids
-Avoid direct sunlight
-Call PCP(primary care physician) for signs hematologic reaction(Sore throat, pallor, jaundice, weakness)
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