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Unit 3-History (part I)

Terms in this set (43)

1st President of the US
George Washington-unanimous choice-served 2 terms
1st cabinet
appointed by President and subject of approval by senate
Vice-President
John Adams
Secretary of State
Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of Treasury
Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of War
Henry Knox
Attorney General
Edmund Randolph
Hamilton's Financial Program
1. Pay off all foreign debts in full
2. Pay off all remaining state debts in full
3. Pay off all remaining debt certificates in full
4. To pay these debts, US govt bonds were sold
5. To pay the bonds, taxes were arranged
a. Tariffs (import taxes)
b. Excise taxes (taxes on commercial items, whiskey)
6. A Bank of US (A national bank was set up to handle govt money and to regulate value of money)
7. Money system of US was set up-dollar (metric)
How Hamilton's program helped the rich
1. Rich owned most of the debt certificates
2 Rich bought most of the new govt loans, which paid interest
3. The rich owned most of the stock in the Bank of US, which paid dividens
4. Tariffs protected rich man's industry
5. Excise taxes (on whiskey) were hardest on farmers
Hamilton's Financial Program led to
Whiskey Rebellion and farmers in west PA opposing whiskey tax
How Hamilton's Financial Program helped the poor
1. Regulated the economy and provided uniform currency
2. Business and trade improved, creating jobs and the sale of raw materials and food
3. Healthy economy enabled ppl to borrow money
1st President
George Washington-2 terms-Federalist
2nd President
John Adams-1 term-Federalist
3rd President
Thomas Jefferson-2 terms-Dem/Rep
4th President
James Madison-2 terms-Dem/Rep
5th President
James Monroe-2 terms-Dem/Rep
6th President
John Quency Adams-1 term-Dem/Rep
7th President
Andrew Jackson-2 terms-Democrat
Democrat-Republican Party was made of
(Jeffersonians) Jefferson/Madison
middle class, westerners, planters of south, workers, immigrants, frontiersmen
Democrat-Republican Party were
left (means liberal) party
Democrat-Republican Party stats
1. more power to the states and local government "That government governs best which governs least" (Jefferson)
2. strict interpretation of US Constitution
3. government by more of the people
4. reduce national debt
5. cut taxes and tariffs
6. smaller number of government offices
7. emphasis on agriculture (agrarianism)
8. more pro-French
9. emphasis on education and religious freedom
Federalist Party was made of
Washington, Adams, Hamilton, and New England States
rich, big merchants, and manufactures
Federalist Party were
right (conservative) party
Federalist Party stats
1. strong central government
2. broad interpretation of US Constitution
3. "Government by the rich, the well born, and the able" (Adams)
4. Keep a national debt
5. higher taxes
6. more government offices
7. emphasis on commerce
8. more pro-English
Citizen Genet
Frenchman who came to US to recruit soldiers and money for French Revolution. He went directly to the people for help. He was ordered out of the country for this. He asked for political asylum and stayed
Jay Treaty (John Jay-ambassader to England)
between England and US, very weak, passed under Washington. supposed to deal wit British injustices towards US. got mostly promises
Why Federalists supported Jay Treaty
1. wanted to keep peace with England
2. 75%-90% of US imports came from England
3. England had invested heavily in US industry
4. England owned many US government bonds
Jay Treaty led to the...
Pinckney Treaty between US and Spain-Spanish opened Port of New Orleans as a (right of deposit) for goods to be shipped
Main points of Washington's farewell address
1. Avoid sectional strife
2. Avoid foreign entanglement
XYZ Affair
US sent ambassadors to France to deal with French injustices. they were met by unidentified men who asked for a $250,000 bribe and a promise of a $10 mill. loan before talking. we refused. "Millions for defense, but not one red cent for tribute"
Alien and Sedition Acts: passed by Federalists under Adams
1. immigrants had to live in US 14yrs instead of 5yrs to become citizens
2. dangerous aliens could be deported
3. punished writers and speechmakers who critisized the president or congress
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
unenforceable-passed by state legislatures. states have the right to nulify federal laws that violate states rights. supported by Dem-Rep
Resolution
is not a law
Election of 1800
tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr-House of Representatives broke the tie. voted 36 ballots. finally, Thomas Jefferson was president and Aaron Burr was vice-pres
Louisiana Purchase
1803 Napolean wanted to produce sugar in French West Indies. he wanted La. to produce food for West Indies. he traded La. with the Spanish for Tuscany. he closed the port of New Orleans. US sent ambassadors to France to negotiate concerning New Orleans. $2 mill. offered to buy New Orleans. He offered to sell all of La. for $15 mill
Why Napolean decided to sell La.?
1. he lost many ships and men to yellow fever and a revolt by natives in Haiti
2. he didn't need La. for food production anymore
3. war with England was intensifying
4. he knew La. would be hard to protect
5. he needed the money to fight the war
6. he's rather the US have La. than England
7. he's rather sell it than lose it
Jefferson violated the following Rep. Principles
1. he believed in no national debt
2. he believed in less power to the national central govt
3. he believed in a strict interpretation of the US Constitution
Why Federalists opposed the La. purchase
1. they knew that all future states carved out of La. would be Rep.
2. They were afraid of competition to their industry and trade
3. they preferred friendly relations with England, not France
4. the title to the land was unclear
Lewis and Clark Expedition
1804-1807; explored northwest America
Sacajowea
one of the guides on Lewis and Clark's expedition; married to a French fur trapper
Zebulon Pike
explored southwest America and went into Mexico
Barbary Pirates (under Jefferson)
(off of coast of northern African colonies) were demanding tribute (bribes) of countries to prevent piracy. Jefferson chose to fight the pirates
John Marshall
Chief Justice of Supreme Court for 34yrs
1. he was the 1st to declare a federal and state law unconstitutional
2. his interpretations strenghthened the power of the central federal government
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...