getting married is the only way to gain adult status. T/FFALSE______ is an emerging trend in couples' living arrangements and is motivated by a desirer to retain autonomy.living apart togetherunmarried couples living together, being financially obligated and sexually available to one another is called...cohabitation_________ is an example of how heteronormativity has been successfully challenged.legalization of same-sex marriageone's own interests are a valid concern is reflective of ________ thinking.individualistic________ means having more than one spouse.polygamymarriage in which couples have a gendered division of labor and pride in their roles is known as...companionate marriage"yoke mates" is associated with which type of marriage?institutionalindividualized marriage involves all of the following except:it involves little choice for spousesaccording to the selection hypothesis, the experience of marriage itself causes benefits associated with marriage. T/FFALSElow parental warmth and low parental monitoring reflects the ________ parenting style.permissive-emotional neglectaccording to the cultural tradition, mother's assume __________ responsibility for child rearing.primarythose who return to their parents' home after college, divorce, or upon finding jobs unsatisfactory are known as...boomerangershigh parental warmth and high parental monitoring reflects the ________ parenting style.authoritativesocioeconomic status (SES) involves all the following except....family sizehigh parental warmth and low parental monitoring reflects the _________ parenting style.permissive-indulgentparents of higher SES emphasize _____________ of their child's talents and developmentconcerted cultivationlow parental warmth and high parental monitoring reflects the ____________ parenting styleauthoritarianthe over-scheduled child is forced to assume too many challenges and responsibilities too soon, is also known as....the hurried childgrandfamilies are families in which children are raised by...grandparentsempathythe ability to understand and share feelings of anothercommitmentwillingness to work through problems and conflicts as opposed to calling it quits when problems arise; it involves consciously investing in the relationship3 components of consummate love: intimacy, passion, and commitmentSternberg's Triangular Love Theorywhich component develops first?passion is the quickest to develop and the quickest to fadewhich is the slowest to develop?commitment/decisionsecure attachment styletypically have stronger interpersonal skills and are associated with better prospects for a committed relationship. tend to be comfortable with intimacy and to be more satisfied in their relationshipinsecure/anxiousstyle entails "fear of abandonment" with possible consequences such as jealousy or trying to control one's partner. can lead to codependency.avoidant-dismissiveleads one to pass up or shun closeness or intimacy by evading relationships. can be divided into two categories: dismissive and fearfulthe 5 common misconceptions/myths about love1. The right person will meet all my needs 2. I can change my partner 3. Love will conquer all 4. Love is a feeling 5. We'll live happily ever afterhomogamythe belief that people tend to marry people of similar race, age, education, religious background, and social classheterogamychoosing someone who is dissimilar in race, age, education religion or social classendogamymarrying within one's own social groupexogamymarrying a partner from outside one's own social grouperoscharacterized by intense emotional attachment and powerful sexual feelings or desiresstorgean affectionate, companionate style of loving focused on deepening mutual commitment, respect, friendship, and common goalsagapeemphasizes unselfish concern for the beloved's needs even when that requires personal sacrificeludusemphasizes enjoying many sexual partners rather than searching for a serious relationshipmaniarests on strong sexual attraction and emotional intensity. It differs from eros in that manic partners are extremely jealous and moody, and their need for attention and affection is insatiablemartyringconsistently minimizing one's own needs while trying to satisfy those of one's partnermanipulatingworking to control the feelings, attitudes, and behavior of your or partners in underhanded ways rather than by directly stating your caselimerencenot just "lust" or sexual attraction, fantasizing about being with the limerent object in all kinds of situations -- not just sexual onesthere are four stages in Reis' theory of development of loverapport, self-revelation, mutual dependency, and needs fulfillmentrapportrests on mutual trust and respectself revelationgradually sharing intimate information about yourselfmutual dependencydeveloping interdependence, a desire to spend more time togetherneeds fulfillmentdeveloping emotional exchange and supportdating violencetypically begins with verbal or psychological abuse and tends to occur over jealousy, with a refusal of sex, aftter illegal drug use or excessive drinking or upon disagreement about drinking behaviorfour types of abuseemotional, physical, sexual, and psychological abuseIPV/interpersonal violence have indicators of dating violence...1. Handles ordinary disagreements with inappropriate anger or rage 2. Struggles to regain self-control when a minor issue triggers anger 3. Goes into tirades 4. Quick to criticize or is verbally mean 5. Unduly jealous, restricting, and controlling 6. History of violence in previous relationshipswhat does it mean to be single?many college students think of being single as not being in a romantic relationship, some people believe that it means have never been married.what does it mean to be singlemany college students think of being single as not being in a romantic relationship, some people believe that it means have never been married.amongst singles it also includes _______ and ________widowed and divorcedExchange Theoretical Perspectivethe theory posits that individuals pick the relationship that is most rewarding or least costlymain theme in. relation to love, from exchange theoretical perspectivecouples choose to stay committed or to breakup by weighing the rewards of their relationship against it costs.living aloneit increases with age, it is all racial/ethnic groups and is significantly higher for older women than for older mencommunessituations or places characterized by group livinggroup/communal living includescommunes and accordion familiesaccordion familieshouseholds that expand or contract around more or fewer family members, depending on family needscohabitation four stage model1. Vast majority of heterosexuals marry without living together first 2. Cohabiting increases, but mainly as a precursor to marriage 3. Cohabiting becomes a socially acceptable alternative to marriage 4. Cohabiting and marriage become socially and legally indistinguishablecohabitation and IPVit is less alike in social characteristics, twice as likely to be interracial, more likely to have nontraditional attitudes, and relatively short term relationships.what do cohabiters experience similarly to levels of IPV within...marriage and higher levels than that among dating couples.what have same-sex couples successfully challenged?heteronormativitypolyamory"many loves" and refers to marriages in which one or both spouses retain the option to sexually love others in addition to their spouse.swingingthe exchange of marital partners for sexual interactionkinextended familyfictive or virtual kinfriends who are so close that. they are hardly distinguished from actual relativesfamily of orientationthe family in which a person grows upfamily of procreationthe family formed when a couple's first child is borncollectivist thinkingconformity to the larger community's values, arranged marriages, and consolidates family property and keeps family's traditions in place w/out presence of loveindividualistic shift caused1. The authority of kin and extended family has weakened 2. Individuals began to find their own marriage partners 3. Romantic love to came to be associated with marriageAndrew Cherlin analysis of deinstitutionalization of marriagea situation in which time honored family definitions and social norms count for far less than in the past viewed deinstitutionalized of marriage as a situation in which time-honored family definitions and social norms "count for far less" than in the pastdeinstitutionalization of marriage examplechildbearing outside of marriage now carries little stigmainstitutional marriagea marriage in which the emphasis is on male authority, duty, and conformity to social normscompanionate marriagea marriage in which the emphasis is on affection, friendship, and sexual gratification. basic "american dream"indivualized marriageit is optional, spouses roles are flexible: negotiable and renegotiable, it is expected rewards involve love, communication, and emotional intimacy, and it exists in conjunction with a vast diversity of family formsselection hypothesismany of the benefits associated with marriage result from the personal characteristics of those who choose to marry not necessarily to the fact of being marriedexperience hypothesisthe experience of being married itself causes the benefits of marriage: better health, greater wealth etc.family decline perspectiveindividualism has caused moral weakening and self indulgence leading to lower likelihood to marry and higher likelihood to divorce, less family or child centered married couples. it is breaking down due to cultural causes, it was once healthier.family change perspectivesome see the deinstitution of marriage as resulting from inevitable social change - family struggle results from structural conditions, support for children, parenting skills education, drug rehab programs, small business developmentfamily decline policygoal is to return to a society more in line with the values and norms of a companionate marriagefamily change policyadvocates from a marital change perspective are mainly concerned about the high number and proportions of parents and children living in povertythe general trends in the first years of marriage...they tend to be the happiest, with gradual declines in marital satisfaction afterwardrole makingrefers to personalizing by modifying or adjusting the expectations and obligations traditionally associated with it. Involves communication and negotiationswhat theory does the role making idea/concept come from...comes from interaction constructionist theoretical perspectivewhat are the gender differences in parenting?according to cultural tradition, mothers assume primary responsibility for child rearing historically fathers have been breadwinners but now are supposed to be active and participate in child carepsychological parentholds major emotional responsibility for safety and upbringing.general trends in parent-young adult child relationshipsrelationships often grow closer and less conflicted as adolescents make the transitions into adult roles.helicopter parentshovering above and meddling excessively in their children's livesHow is socioeconomic status measured?educational achievement, occupation, and incomehigher SESthese people get better academic performance •Quality of schools •Affordability of educational servicesmiddle SEStend to follow the accomplishment of natural growth parenting model, according to which children's abilities are allowed to develop naturallyLower socioeconomic statuspeople, especially those who live in poverty, are at risk of academic difficulties and behavior problems. less parental involvement, fewer classroom resources, and teachers with lower expectations, less safe neighborhoods.same-sex parents, general trends in research...there is almost no noticeable differences from children of heterosexual parents in, cognitive abilities and school performance, behavior and emotional development, and gender identity and sexual orientationwhat is race socialization?developing a child's pride in their cultural heritage while warning and preparing them about the possibility of encountering discriminationhow are grandparents as parents supported?formal kinship care systems can help grandfamilies. Family care systems working together to support the children and contribute to their success and growth

FAD2230 UNIT 2 EXAM

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