Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

05 2Rad Radiation Safety for Patients and Operators

Terms in this set (110)

Which type of PID would be most effective in reducing patient exposure?
16-inch rectangular PID
Which describes the use of a filter in a dental x-ray tubehead?
Removes low energy x-rays.
Which of the following would be an acceptable practice for an operator of dental x-ray equipment?
Wearing a film badge only at work
Which PID would provide the most protection against radiation exposure for the patient?
Lead-lined, rectangular
Which of the following components of the tubehead protects the patient by removing long-wavelength, low-energy x-rays?
Filter
Your 7 year old patient has been coming regularly to the dental office for the last 4 years. He has no clinical caries, is not at risk for caries and has interproximal spacing which can be examined visually. The last set of dental images were taken 6 months ago. Insurance covers dental images every year. When should you take posterior bitewing images?
Bitewing images are not necessary
Which traditional measurement and metric measurement are equal?
Rad and gray
Radiation protection for the operator includes all of the following except ______________________.
never stand closer than 3 feet from the x-ray unit during an exposure
The collimator
restricts the size and shape of the x-ray beam.
Why is a rectangular PID preferred over a circular PID when exposing dental images?
Limits the amount of radiation the patient receives.
Which of the following radiation safety measures relates to operator safely during x-radiation exposure?
Radiation monitoring badge
The time interval between dental imaging examinations for children should be __________________.
based on the individual needs of the child
The contrast is too low on the dental image, what will you need to adjust in order to increase the contrast?
Decrease kV
What does ALARA stand for?
As low as reasonably achievable
The maximum permissible dose (MPD) for occupationally exposed workers is
0.05 Sv/yr.
A thyroid collar ____________________.
both A and C
If the length of the PID is changed from 8 to 12 inches, how does this affect the intensity of the x-ray beam?
The resultant beam will be one-half as intense.
Which statement would not be a function of the Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act?
Mandating the number of dental images for specific treatment.
The hotter the filament becomes the more __________ are produced.
electrons
What is the best way to limit a patient's radiation exposure?
Prescribe only what is necessary.
What is the purpose of including aluminum filtration inside the dental tubehead?
To remove the low energy x-rays from the beam
A step wedge will reveal that radiographs exposed at a higher kilovoltage will have ______ versus radiographs exposed at a lower kilovoltage peak.
long-scale contrast
If you decreased the distance and left the exposure factors the same, what impact would this have on your dental?
The image would be darker because the density increases.
Why is insulating oil added to the metal housing of the x-ray tubehead?
To absorb excess heat production.
Your 14 year old patient has been coming regularly to the dental office for the last 10 years. The last set of dental images were taken 6 months ago. He has visible decay on #2, #15, & #18 and his teeth are in tight contact. Last time he was in he had restorations placed on #30 & #31. He seems to have caries each time he comes in. When should you take bitewing images?
At this appointment
All of the following are considered critical organs that can be affected by x-radiation from dental imaging procedures except
inner ear.
What is the purpose of a dosimeter?
To measure cumulative operator exposure to radiation.
Which is a correct statement regarding the guidelines for prescribing dental radiographs for a pregnant patient according to the American Dental Association (ADA) and the Federal Drug Administration (FDA)?
Radiographic procedures do not need to be altered due to pregnancy.
What is the best way to protect yourself from exposure to x-radiation?
Avoid the primary beam.
If you increased kV and left the other exposure factors the same, what impact would this have on your dental image?
The image would be darker because the density increases.
What is the maximum permissible dose a nonoccupationally exposed individual is allowed to accumulate in a year?
0.1 rem
Quality control tests that should be applied to dental office radiology standards should include which procedure?
Regular maintenance
All of the following can be found in the cathode except one. Which is the EXCEPTION?
Tungsten target
Which of the following is not considered a critical organ with regards to dental imaging?
Pituitary gland
Which type of illumination is allowed in the darkroom while opening a film packet?
Safelight
Which of the following statements best describes the primary beam of energy?
It contains short waves.
Which type of radiation is the penetrating x-ray beam that is produced at the target of the anode?
Primary
What will occur when kilovoltage is increased?
Electrons move from the cathode to the anode with more speed.
Personnel monitoring of radiation exposure _________________________.
identifies occupational exposure to radiation
You suspect your patient has caries. Which type of contrast would be the best when looking for dental caries?
High contrast; few shades of gray
What is the effect on a dental image if the exposure time was decreased?
The density decreases; the image becomes lighter.
Which of the following is a true statement regarding pediatric exposures to radiation?
A child may be seated in a parent's lap for exposures.
Dental radiographs are property of the __________
dentist
Which agency regulates the manufacture and installation of dental x-ray equipment?
The federal government
Which factor is used to measure the penetrating power of radiation?
Wavelength
Which of the following best describes acute exposures to radiation?
Short-term
If a radiographer cannot stand 6 feet away from the primary beam, which of the following should he or she do?
Stand behind a lead-lined wall.
What is the penetrating x-ray beam that exits the tubehead?
Primary beam
Which is the first sign of x-ray dermatitis?
Erythema
The purpose of a lead foil sheet is to
prevent backscatter radiation.
If the length of the PID is changed from 8 to 16 inches, how does this affect the intensity of the x-ray beam?
The resultant beam will be one-quarter as intense.
Which device provides the greatest protection for patients against radiation exposure?
Use of the fastest speed film available
Which is the true statement concerning the anode?
It converts the bombarding electrons into x-ray photons.
Of the three forms of radiation, which is detrimental to the patient and operator?
Scatter radiation
When should a full adult series of dental images be considered for a child/adolescent?
When clinical evidence of generalized disease is present and the adolescent has erupted permanent molars.
Which of the following does a film badge monitor?
Radiographer's daily occupational radiation exposures
Under which category of legal considerations does informed consent belong?
Risk management
Which of the following would be considered a short-term effect of radiation exposure?
Nausea
Which of the following types of PIDs do not produce scatter radiation?
Both A and B
What is the maximum permissible dose of radiation for a pregnant patient?
0.5 rem/yr.
You have a new dental -ray machine The length of the PID is changing from 16 to 8 inches. How does this affect the intensity of the x-ray beam? What adjustment will you need to make to keep the density of your images consistent?
The resultant beam will be four times as intense. You will need to decrease the exposure time.
If you increased the distance and left the exposure factors the same, what impact would this have on your dental image?
The image would be lighter because the density decreases.
The permitted lifetime accumulated dose is referred to as the ______________________.
Accumulative Occupational Dose History
Which type of lead apron should be used when exposing a panoramic image?
Double-sided apron without a thyroid collar.
Which of the following radiation protection measures relates to patient safety during x-ray exposure?
Use of the paralleling technique
Which of the following represents the optimum desired occupational dose?
0 rem/yr
Which of the following decreases a patient's radiation exposure?
A higher kV setting to achieve the same density.
During the exposure of a dental image, the operator
may stay in the room if guidelines are followed.
Which term refers to the blurring that surrounds the edges of a radiographic image?
Penumbra
Rank the positioning indicating devices in order of exposure to the patient from lowest exposure to highest exposure
the least is the rectangular; followed by the 16 inch circular, then the 8 inch circular, the highest is the conical
With regards to tissues most sensitive to radiation, which of the following is the correct order from most sensitive to the least sensitive tissue?
Skin, oral mucosa, thyroid gland, nerve
You have an new patient, she is 7 years old. She has her first molars. Which dental images should you take?
Bitewings and a panoramic exam
Which collimator and PID reduce the amount of exposure a patient receives?
Rectangular and 16 inch
If you increased mA and left the other exposure factors the same, what impact would this have on your dental image?
The image would be darker because the density increases.
Multiple shades of gray on an image are controlled by which component of the x-ray machine?
kVp
What is the purpose of a step wedge radiograph?
To ensure the strength of the processing solutions.
You are taking dental image on your patient, which of the following is the most critical for you to do in order to protect yourself from x-radiation exposure?
Avoid exposure to the primary beam.
Your 6 year old patient has clinical caries and closed proximal contacts. Which of the following dental images should you take.
Posterior bitewings
If you want to provide the lowest amount of exposure possible for you patient, which of the following settings should you use?
70kV, 6 mA, .40 impulses
After a lead apron is used, it should be
both A and C.
A film processed under ideal conditions and used to compare subsequent radiographic images is called a __________ film.
reference
Where should the thermometer be placed for manual processing?
Developer solution
Which situation could be used as an exception to placing the operator in the path of the primary beam?
There is no exception to this rule.
Before radiation exposure for a minor, informed consent _____________________.
must be obtained from a legal guardian
Which does the acronym NCRP represent?
National Committee on Radiation Protection
Which of the following is the maximum recommended size of the beam as it exits the position indicating device (PID)?
2.75 inches
Intensifying screens would be used with which of the following films?
Panoramic
The following diagram depicts the correct positioning of the PID (position-indicating device) ____________.
in the horizontal plane
What is the maximum permissible dose an occupationally exposed pregnant individual is allowed to accumulate in a year?
0.5 rem
The quality administration procedures within the quality assurance plan should include which of the following basic elements?
Description of the plan with assignment of duties.
Which statement is true as it relates to the direct theory of radiation injury?
Cell damage results when ionizing radiation directly hits critical areas or targets within the cell.
During the production of x-rays, how much energy is lost as heat?
99%
Which of the following is a true statement regarding radiation and patient protection?
The benefit of dental x-rays outweighs the risk of ionizing radiation.
Which of the following causes cellular damage from x-radiation?
Ionization
If you decreased exposure time and left the other exposure factors the same, what impact would this have on your dental image?
The image would be lighter because the density decreases.
Which is an x-ray beam containing many different wavelengths of varying intensities?
Polychromatic x-ray
Thermionic emission occurs at the filament on the cathode and is activated by the ____________.
mA setting.
You have placed the sensor in your patient's mouth, you have positioned the PID, and you are ready to press the control button. What will exit the PID?
Primary beam
Which type of consent is necessary before exposing dental radiographs on a patient?
Informed
Which alters the voltage of incoming electrical current?
Transformer
Why does digital imaging require less radiation than traditional film-based radiography?
The sensor is more sensitive to x-radiation.
Which limits the size of the primary beam?
Collimator
When is a lead apron used?
All of the above
Which is the generating system where x-rays are produced?
x-ray tube
If you decreased the kV and left the other exposure factors the same, what impact would this have on your dental image?
The image would be lighter because the density decreases.
Which of the following is a dose equivalent measurement?
Sievert
Which cell would be considered radio-resistant?
Muscle
Which of the following is not one of the three basic types of PIDs?
Square
Which keeps electrons suspended in an electron cloud at the cathode?
Focusing cup
When the dental assistant becomes the patient, where is the radiation-monitoring badge placed?
Leave it in a radiation-safe area outside of the radiology cubicle.
Sets found in the same folder