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BBL 1 - Amino Acids

Terms in this set (28)

Amino acid structure

Alpha chiral carbon and 4 covalently bonded groups - amine group (NH4) and carboxylic acid group (COOH)

All alpha amino acids isomer type

Amino acid that is not chiral

Nitrogen of this amino acid is bound to 2 alkyl groups, making it a secondary amine -> rigid structure that does not allow it to be a hydrogen bond donor (only acceptor)

Weak Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases

Amino acids acid/base properties

Protonation of amine

Deprotonation of carboxylic acid

All amino acids - amino terminal and carboxylic acid terminal at neutral pH are partially charged (amine is positive, carboxylic acid is negative)

Amino acid formed on a tRNA

Amino acids are formed by the amination of _______

Acidic amino acids with ionized/charged R group carboxylic acids

Basic amino acids with positively charged R group terminal amines

Ser, Thr, Cys, Tyr, Asn and Gln

Ile, Pro, Trp, Val, Leu, Ala, Gly, Met, Phe

Non-polar R groups

Branched chained amino acid R groups

Aromatic R groups

-Start signal for the translation of mRNA into protein (first amino acid of the protein being formed on the ribosome)
-Adenylylated to form AdoMet from methionine and ATP

Methyl donor to all macromolecules (nucleic acids, proteins, lipid) through methylating enzyme
-Pathways produce cysteine through the transsulfuration pathway and polyamines through another branch

Intermediate of the Urea Cycle that enters the mitochondria and condenses with carbamyl phosphate to form citrulline

Exits the mitochondria to condense with aspartate to form argininosuccinate, that is cleaved to form arginine

Cleaved into urea and ornithine

Amino acid found in the elastin protein

Selenocysteine formation

Selenide adds the seleno group to a seryl-tRNA, forming selnocystyl-tRNA, that is then added to growing peptide chain

Out of 20 amino acids ____ do not ionize (no pKR for the R groups)

Non-polar amino acids

Bond and exclude water from the interior of the protein - on the exterior surface of transmembrane proteins so that they can interact with non-polar fatty acids of the membrane phospholipids, anchoring the proteins into the membrane

Polar amino acids

-Found on the surface of the globular proteins so that they can interact with water (makes the proteins soluble)
-In the active site of enzymes, binding site of receptors

Dictates the chemical properties of each amino individual acid

Source of amino acid precursors

-Glycolysis
-Pentose phosphate pathway
-TCA cycle

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Verified questions

chemistry

Determine the half-life of sodium-24.

Verified answer

physics

The complete expression for the decay of the radioactive hydrogen isotope tritium may be written as ${ }^3 \mathrm{H} \rightarrow{ }^3 \mathrm{He}+\mathrm{X}+\mathrm{Y}$. The symbols $\mathrm{X}$ and $\mathrm{Y}$ represent\ A. $\mathrm{X}=\mathrm{e}^{+}, \mathrm{Y}=\bar{\nu}_{\mathrm{e}}$\ B. $\mathrm{X}=\mathrm{e}^{-}, \mathrm{Y}=\nu_{\mathrm{e}}$\ C. $\mathrm{X}=\mathrm{e}^{+}, \mathrm{Y}=\nu_{\mathrm{e}}$\ D. $\mathrm{X}=\mathrm{e}^{-}, \mathrm{Y}=\bar{\nu}_{\mathrm{e}}$

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engineering

The general form of the Stefan-Maxwell equation for mass transfer of species i in an n-component ideal gas mixture along the z-direction for flux is given by $$ \frac{d y_{i}}{d z}=\sum_{j=1, j \neq i}^{n} \frac{y_{i} y_{j}}{D_{i j}}\left(\nu_{j}-\nu_{i}\right) $$ Show that for a gas-phase binary mixture of species A and B, this relationship is equivalent to Fick's rate equation: $$ N_{A, z}=-c D_{A B} \frac{d y_{A}}{d z}+y_{A}\left(N_{A, z}+N_{B, z}\right) $$

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physics

Boxes are transported from one location to another in a warehouse by means of a conveyor belt that moves with a constant speed of 0.50 m/s. At a certain location the conveyor belt moves for 2.0 m up an incline that makes an angle of 10° with the horizontal, then for 2.0 m horizontally, and finally for 2.0 m down an incline that makes an angle of 10° with the horizontal. Assume that a 2.0 kg box rides on the belt without slipping. At what rate is the force of the conveyor belt doing work on the box as the box moves (a) up the 10° incline, (b) horizontally, and (c) down the 10° incline?

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