Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

MICRO KAPLAN Q BANK

Terms in this set (111)

Predominant vaginal microbiota
Lactobacillus ssp.
Lactobacillus ssp. characteristics
gram + anaerobic rod
glycogen --> lactic acid
inhibit pathogen growth in vagina
during reproductive period, estrogen stimulates what?
glycogen production in epithelial cells of vagina
glycogen favors growth of what in the genital tract?
Lactobacillus ssp.
symptomatic infection of Candida most likely in what patients?
pregnant
diabetic
obese
immunosuppressed
ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
corticosteroids
BROAD SPECTRUM antibiotic therapy
gonorrhea, septic arthritis, neonatal conjunctivitis, PID?
N Gonorrhoeae
Gram - Aerobic diploccoci
N Gonorrhea + N meningitidis
Gram - aerobic rods
Pseudomonas
Acinetobacter
Bartonella
Legionella
Bordetella
Pasteurella
Gram - anaerobic rods
Bacteroides
Prevotella
Porphyromonas
Fusobacterium
Gram + aerobic rods
Bacillus
Listeria
Corynebacterium
Nocardia
Mycobacterium
Gram + anaerobic cocci
Streptococcus ssp
Staphylococcus ssp
*GBS (Strep Agalactiae): normal vaginal flora in 25% of women
Where in the brain does PML occur?
oligodendrocytes, multifocal lesions in WHITE MATTER
Histopathology of PML
eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions
Symptoms of PML
aphasia, hemiparesis, cortical blindness, ataxia, conjugate gaze abnormalities, quadriparesis, coma
Is PML an AIDs defining illness?
Yes (think CD4+ <200 senators)
What does MS treatment with natalizumab increase the risk of?
(MOA: binds a4b1 integrin & blocks interaction with VCAM-1 --> prevents leukocyte migration into brain tissue)
PML
What are Negri bodies?
eosinophilic inclusions in the gray matter (Rabies)
Describe neurosyphillis
meningitis, encephalitis, spinal cord damage

disease process is NOT limited to white matter
CNS affects of tubuercolosis?
basilar granulomatous meningitis affecting lower CN function
Toxins that ADP-ribosylate Gs are seen in?
ETEC
Vibrio cholerae
single-stranded DNA, naked, icosahedral
Parvoviridae (Parvo B19 virus)
Parvovirus B19 crosses the placenta (TORCH infection) and causes...
hydrops fetalis (infects erythroid precursors)
Describe HHV6 presentation
extremely high fever --> fever subsites + LACY body rash starts
The 4 Cs of Measles virus
cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, koplik spots
rash in measles virus?
maculopapular rash that starts below ears --> spreads downwards + covers the face
Rheumatic fever presents as?
JONES (polyarthritis, carditis, subcutaneous nodules, erythema marginatum, syndeham chorea)
Erythema marginatum rash
trunk + limbs
round w/pale pink center surrounded by slightly raised red outline
erythema infectiosum
childhood febrile "slapped cheek" rash
aka 5th disease
maculopapular, vesicular, and/or pustular lesions seen in...?
Coxsackievirus A
HFM location but also can be seen on groin, buttock, face
Where might Coxsackie A virus produce a white papule w/red base rash?
posterior palate + pharynx
List the herpesvirus infections
HSV1/2
chickenpox
chronic herpes zoster
CMV
EBV
Where does Giardia lamblia infect?
small intestine
ingested cysts (infectious) --> trophozoites in small intestine
Crescent-shaped, flagellated protozoan
Giardia (when caught at an angle)
PITcH mneumonic
EPEC (enteropathogenic): P = Pediatric
EIEC (enteroinvasive): I = inflammatory
ETEC: T = traveler
EHEC: H = hamburger
amebic meningoencephalitis (prefrontal headache, nausea, high fever, altered smell)
Naegleria fowleri
salmon-colored sputum post-influenza pneumonia
staph aureus
patient population target of Kelbsiella pneumonia?
alcoholics
diabetics
COPD
describe strep pneumo appearance
gram +, catalse -, alpha hemolytic DIPLOcoccus
Does strep pneumo cause abscesses? cavitary lesions?
abscesses = yes
cavitary lesions = no
Pneumocystis jirovecci stain for cysts
silver-staining cysts in HIV
poorly nourished, unvaccinated baby/child with giant cell pneumonia + hemorrhagic rash?
Measles
*increased risk of pneumonia + blindness
rusty sputum following influenza
Strep pneumo
neutropenic patients, burn patients, CGD, CF
Pseudomonas caused pneumonia
pneumonia + foul-smelling sputum, aspiration
anaerobes (bacteroides, fusobacterium, peptococcus)
alcoholic, abscess, aspiration
facultative anaerobic
huge capsule
currant jelly sputum
klebsiella pneumoniae
nosocomial or ventilator pneumoniae
staph aureus
teens/young adults with hacking cough (initially non-productive cough)
mycoplasma pneumoniae
* most common cause of pneumonia in school-aged children
air conditioning exposure > 50 y.o., heavy smoker, drinker
Legionella
pneumonia w/bird exposure or hepatitis
chlamydophila psittaci
AIDs patient w/staccato cough
ground glass x-ray
silver-staining cysts
honeycomb exudate
penumocystis jirovecii
Symptoms of atypical penumonia
low fever
dry cough
diffuse infiltrates
Symptoms of typical pneumonia
high fever
productive cough
diffuse infiltrates
Methylphenidate
indirect sympathomimetic (tachycardia, mydriasis, increased metabolic rate)
tx: ADHD, narcolepsy
phenelzine
MAO inhibitor
tx: resistant MDD
*causes HTN crisis when taken with tyramine containing products, serotonin syndrome, seizures, psychosis exacerbation
Succinylcholine
depolarizing neuromuscular blocker

causes muscle weakness in NMJ blockade + induction/maintenance
TORCHEES
Toxoplamsa
Rubella
CMV
HIV
HSV-2
Syphilis
Aside from cat feces, where else can you get Toxoplasma from?
ingestion of undercooked meat
T/F toxoplasma is a facultative intracellular parasite
False: obligate intracellular parasite
rubella virus classic triad
cataracts
deafness
patent ductus arteriosus

*blueberry muffin rash can be seen too
maternal rubella infection
lymphadenopathy
polyarthritis
polyarthralgia
Toxocara canis signs
(tissue nematode)

visual impairment/blindness
seizures/coma
myocarditis w/worm infiltration in heart
2ndary disease of treponema pallidum
widespread rash of palms, soles, and mucous membranes
tertiary syphilis signs
cardiovascular (obliterative endarteritis)

Neurosyphillis
child born w/syphilis signs
facial abnormalities (notched teeth, short maxilla, saddle nose)
CN VIII deafness
saber shins
Retrovirus family
HIV
acute HIV infection symptoms?
mono-like symptoms (fever, sore throat, cervical lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly)

*oral mucosal ulceration (sharply demarcated, shallow)
flaviviruses
hep C
yellow fever
dengue
zika
causes of aseptic meningitis?
coxsackievirus
echovirus
togaviruses
rubella
chikungunya
eastern + western equine encephalitis
how does adult rubella and chkiungunya present?
fever + arthralgia
how does eastern + western quine encephalitis present?
headache + altered mental status
Common route of infection of neonate w/HSV? (different from congenital HSV)
birth canal
presentation of congenital HSV
vesicles
ulcerations
ophthalmologic
microcephaly, hydrancephaly (absent cerebral hemispheres)
treatment of choice for herpes simplex encephalitis?
acyclovir
toxoplasma gondii transmission to baby
transplacentally
what does xanthochromia mean?
CSF that is yellow in appearance

*usually caused by subarachnoid hemorrahge
Legionella growth medium
buffered charcoal yeast extract w/cystine + iron
Is legionella a facultative intracellular pathogen?
Yes
Risk factors for legionella?
alcoholism
diabetes
cigarette use
True/False: patients with legionella present with hypernatremia
false
Haemophilus influenza type b medium
chocolate agar + NAD + hemin
Describe what happens when listeria crosses the placenta
granulomatosis infantiseptica (high fatality)

*if the organism is acquired by passing through the birth canal, child can get meningitis + septicemia
Nocardia asteroides causes what in immunocompromised patients?
brain abscesses
pneumoniae
Geographical location of histoplasma?
Great Lakes (Ohio, Mississippi, Missouri)
Geographical location of blastomycosis?
Great lakes (Ohio, Mississippi) + east coast areas
What causes valley fever?
coccidioides immitis
alcoholic rose-garden sleeper disease
pulmonary sporotrichosis in urban alcoholics (homeless)
stress-induced painful vesicular lesions of mouth
HSV-1: reactivation from trigeminal ganglia
double-stranded circular DNA virus, naked
HPV
double-stranded DNA virus w/complex lipid envelope
Poxviridae
- molluscum contagiosum (umbilicated warts)
- smallpox
Rhabdovirsues
vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)
Rabies virus
VSV (Vesicular stomatitis virus)
vesicular lesions in animals that looks like Hand-foot-mouth disease

*must have contact w/infected animals
Cosackieviruses
HFM disease: vesicular lesions in buccal mucosa
Herpangina (image): vesicular lesions on palate and fauces

*cause blister-like lesions in buccal mucosa, NOT on the lip
What can Brucella cause?
granulomatous disease w/noncaseating granulomas
What can Coccidiodes immitis cause?
granulomatous pulmonary syndrome
Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae
gram + rod that causes localized skin infections
Occupational disease of fishermen, fish handlers, butchers, meat-workers, poultry workers, farmers

skin lesion resolve on their own
tx: penicillin
Toxic shock syndrome
fever, hypotension, diarrhea, desquamating rash
single-stranded diploid RNA virus
Retroviruses (HIV-1)
Blood smear with multiple ring-shaped trophozoies inside RBCs?
Plasmodium falciparum
Trichophyton Rubrum
common cause of tinea pedis, intea cruris, tinea corporis
SSPE
progressive encephalitis caused by measles prior to 2 y.o. followed by 7-10 years of asymptomatic period

persistent, nonproductive measles virus with autoimmune damage caused by antibodies directed at virus
post-infectious encephalomyelitis seen after?
mumps
varicella
Transformation of bacteria
uptake of naked DNA from environment --> homologous recombination to incorporate --> modified bacterium w/higher virulence or drug resistance
bacteria capable of natural transformation
Haemophilus influenza
Strep pneumo
Neisseria ssp.
Bacillus ssp.
Kirby-Bauer agar disc diffusion test
tests antibiotic resistance using multiple antibiotic coated discs
F+ to F- conjugation
means of transferring drug resistance genes encoded on plasmids

*common in gram - bacilli
generalized transduction
transfer of drug-resistance genes as an accident of the life cycle or a lytic phage

ex: Staph aurerus, pseudomonas
Hfr to F- conjugation
chromosomal genes transferred from bacterium during conjugation
Specialized transduction
transfer of drug-resistant genes as an accident of the life cycle of a temperate phage
Southwestern US + septic shock/severe pulmonary disease
plague (Yersinia pestis)
proglottids
tapeworm segments
Other sets by this creator