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The normal electrical conduction pathway in the heart starts with the firing of which component?A.Atrioventricular (AV) node
B.Internodal pathway
C.Sinoatrial (SA) node
D.Atria
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The normal electrical conduction pathway in the heart starts with the firing of which component?A.Atrioventricular (AV) node
B.Internodal pathway
C.Sinoatrial (SA) node
D.Atria
Sinoatrial (SA) node
remember "S"tarts" "S"
What must the nurse do when obtaining lidocaine (Xylocaine), a class 1b antidysrhythmic, to administer to a patient with a cardiac dysrhythmia?
A.Protect the drug from exposure to sunlight.
B.Administer the drug by IM injection.
C.Ensure the dosage form to be administered is for dysrhythmias, not for local anesthesia.
D.Ensure that the patient does not need cardiac monitoring.
ensure the dosage form to be administered is for dysrhythmias, not for local anesthesia
Administering lidocaine (Xylocaine) at too high a dose can produce which effect?
A.Seizures
B.Increased respirations
C.Tachycardia
D.Hypertension
seizures
Class IV antidysrhythmics or calcium channel blockers have what action on the cardiovascular system?A.Increase heart rate
B.Decrease refractory period
C.Increase blood vessel spasm
D.Decrease flow of calcium ions
decreased flow of calcium
When administering sublingual nitroglycerin for emergency treatment of angina or chest pain, the nurse monitors for which common adverse effect?A.Hypertension
B.Bradycardia
C.Nausea
D.Headache
headache
the rest are serious effect
A nurse is attending a backyard picnic of an older neighbor when the nurse notices the neighbor is holding the chest and looking pale & diaphoretic. The neighbor is reaching for a 2nd nitroglycerin tablet from the bottle and places it under the tongue. An ambulance has already been summoned, but the location is a rural area. What other measure does the nurse initiate?
A.Have the neighbor walk to the house to lie down.
B.Have the neighbor chew an aspirin tablet.
C.Perform a physical assessment.
D.Have the neighbor take the cardiac prescription drugs that are scheduled for that evening.
have the neighbor chew an aspirin tablet
For what reason is a patient who is using transdermal nitroglycerin patch instructed to remove the patch at bedtime and apply a new one in the morning?
A.To avoid allergic response
B.To prevent over dosage
C.To prevent tolerance
D.To prevent the patient from forgetting to remove the patch in the morning
to prevent tolerance
Which drug class should not be used when a patient is taking nitrates?

A.Beta-adrenergic blockers
B.Calcium channel blockers
C.Alpha-adrenergic blockers
D.Erectile dysfunction drugs
erectile dysfunction drugs
vasodilators can't be taken with vasodilators
Peripheral vascular disease affects many people due to the narrowing of blood vessels in the legs by atherosclerosis. People tend to experience symptoms when blood vessels narrow by what percentage?

A.25% to 30%
B.40% to 50%
C.55% to 70%
D.75% to 90%
75% to 90%
In which condition is leg pain produced upon increased activity and ischemia to tissues, but then the pain is reduced with rest?
A.Angina
B.Intermittent claudication
C.Sporadic ischemia
D.Paresthesia
Intermittent claudication
(pain affecting the calf, and less commonly the thigh and buttock)
Which assessment finding would the nurse suspect as being related to peripheral vascular disease? A.Warm feet B.No hair growth on shins C.Bounding pulses D.Pale-pink color of feetpale pink color of feetA patient with PVD has been on pentoxifylline (Trental) for 2 weeks. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further patient teaching? A."I'm going to stop smoking so my legs don't hurt so much." B."I know if I lose some weight it would help my feet to not be so cold." C."I can't wait to go skiing this weekend now that my feet don't hurt so much." D."I'm gradually increasing the distance I walk each day."26-22"I can't wait to go skiing this weekend now that my feet don't hurt so much."A patient with peripheral vascular disease has been prescribed papaverine. Which symptom is considered a severe adverse effect that requires immediate reporting to the health care provider? A.Hypotension B.Flushing C.Nausea and vomiting D.Sweatinghypotension the others are common s/eThe use of diuretics in the treatment of heart failure may lead to what condition? A.Fluid retention B.Hypotension C.Hyperglycemia D.DiarrheahypotensionA patient has been placed on a loop diuretic to reduce the fluid that has been accumulating in the lungs. Which statement made by the patient indicates a need for further teaching about the medication by the nurse? A."I'll be sure to take my medication with supper." B."I'll have a banana with my breakfast every morning." C."I'll weigh myself each day before breakfast." D."If my shortness of breath returns, I'll contact my physician.""I'll be sure to take my medication with supper" hell nuh sis, you gonna get nocturiaA patient with a history of heart failure is prescribed furosemide (Lasix). Several days after the aggressive diuretic therapy started, the patient began to exhibit confusion, tremors, muscle cramps, and nausea. What does the nurse suspect? A.Heart failure B.Hyperkalemia C.Renal failure D.HypokalemiahypokalemiaA patient receiving furosemide (Lasix) for a month reports experiencing pain in the toes. The patient states it has been years since having that type of pain. What does the nurse suspect?A.Neuropathy B.Gout C.Hypokalemia D.Orthopedic injurygoutWhich is a common finding with combination diuretic products? A.They are a part of the initial diuretic therapy. B.They increase the risk of hypokalemia. C.Little follow-up is needed after the initial treatment. D.They increase the risk of hyperkalemia and hyponatremia.They increase the risk of hyperkalemia and hyponatremiaFor blood clots to form in the body, something must trigger the intricate steps of the clotting cascade. For a person who receives a surgical incision, which pathway is triggered? A.Thrombotic B.Intrinsic C.Extrinsic D.EmbolicextrinsicA patient who was admitted with a deep vein thrombosis in the calf is being discharged on LMWH enoxaparin (Lovenox), which is administered by injection. The patient successfully demonstrates the injection technique, but which statement by the patient indicates a need for further instruction? A."I will inject the medication into the fatty tissue of my abdomen." B."I'll change the site of injection each day." C."I'll be sure to massage the spot I inject so the drug will absorb." D."I'll be careful not to bump myself."I'll be sure to massage the spot I inject so the drug will absorb.Which laboratory test measures the effectiveness of heparin? A.aPTT B.PT C.ACT D.INRaPTTA patient admitted 4 days ago with a pulmonary embolism has been prescribed oral warfarin (Coumadin) and IV heparin. What is the reason for the patient receiving two anticoagulants? A.The oral and injectable forms must be administered together for effective anticoagulation. B.The combination of drugs results in fewer adverse effects than when using heparin alone. C.Oral anticoagulants are used to reach an adequate level of anticoagulation when heparin alone is unable to do so. D.Heparin is often used to initiate therapy, then oral anticoagulants are prescribed and adjusted until laboratory tests indicate an adequate therapeutic response.Heparin is often used to initiate therapy, then oral anticoagulants are prescribed and adjusted until laboratory tests indicate an adequate therapeutic response.Which drug class is capable of dissolving blood clots?A.Thrombolytic agents B.Anticoagulants C.Antiplatelets D.Salicylatesthrombolytic agentsA patient has been recently diagnosed with heart failure due to systolic dysfunction. She asks the nurse to explain the disease process. The best explanation is: A."The heart rate is failing to keep up with the body's needs." B."The patient has developed dysrhythmias that have failed to respond to medication." C."The heart does not have adequate force to pump all needed blood." D."The left ventricle fails to relax enough between beats to fill with blood."The heart does not have adequate force to pump all needed bloodA patient has presented to the emergency department reporting feeling short of breath. What other symptom alerts the nurse that the patient may be in heart failure?A.Lungs clear to auscultation B.2+ ankle edema C.BP 118/74 mm Hg D.Stable weight2+ ankle edemaDigoxin (Lanoxin) is a cardiac glycoside that is among the oldest medications used for heart failure. What are its two primary actions? A.Negative inotropy and negative chronotropy B.Positive inotropy and negative chronotropy C.Negative chronotropy and positive dromotropy D.Positive chronotropy and negative inotropy1) Positive Inotropy 2) Negative ChronotropyThe nurse is preparing a patient's daily dose of digoxin (Lanoxin), an inotropic drug. The patient has an apical pulse of 68/min. What should the nurse do next?A.Administer the dose. B.Withhold the dose and notify the health care provider. C.Notify the health care provider and monitor the patient's vital signs. D.Recheck the pulse, making sure to count for 1 full minute.administer the doseA patient presents with a runny nose, sneezing, watery eyes, and itchiness. What chemical in the body is responsible for these symptoms? A.Antibodies B.Histamine C.Potassium D.AcetylcholinehistamineWhen a person uses a topical decongestant frequently, then stops taking the drug and notices even more congestion occurring, what is this phenomenon called?A.Allergy B.Idiosyncrasy C.Rebound effect D.Extrapyramidal reactionrebound effectWhat is the action of antihistamines? A.Block production of histamine B.Create drowsiness to mask symptoms C.Occupy the receptor sites for histamine D.Prevent nasal congestionoccupy the receptor sites for histamineA patient is being treated with the mast cell stabilizer cromolyn sodium (Nasalcrom). Which severe adverse effect does the nurse teach the patient about? A.Nasal irritation B.Sneezing C.Bronchospasm D.Nasal stuffinessnasal irritationA person who has smoked ½ pack a day of cigarettes for 30 years has a pack-year history of how many years?15 yearsthe health care provider has ordered the use of an inhaler for an 8-year-old patient newly diagnosed with asthma. To use the inhaler correctly, what does the nurse instruct the patient to do? A.Exhale slowly while pressing the release button of the inhaler B.Use the inhaler whenever the patient feels the airway tighten C.Use a spacer between the inhaler and lips to control the medication D.When taking two puffs of medication, take the second immediately after the firstuse a spacer between the inhaler and lips to control the medicationA patient reports a harsh, nonproductive cough and muscle aches that have lasted for 5 days. There is no sore throat, temperature elevation, or swollen lymph nodes, but the patient is coughing so much that sleeping at night is difficult. Which type of medication will likely be prescribed for this patient?A.Decongestant B.Antitussive C.Antibiotic D.Expectorantantitussive for non productive coughA patient has a history of emphysema and has been coughing for a prolonged period after waking in the morning. The patient is having difficulty clearing the thickened mucus from the lungs. Which type of medication does the nurse anticipate will be ordered for this patient? A.Diuretic B.Antibiotic C.Antitussive D.Mucolyticmucolytic (dissolves thickened mucus)