Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

SCIENCE PORTION

Terms in this set (125)

Which of the following illustrates a negative feedback mechanism that occurs in the human body?
As blood-sugar levels INCREASE, INSULIN is RELEASED in an effort to return blood-sugar levels back to initial levels.
Pancreatic cells have an abundance of __________ to meet the protein production demands of the cell.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum is associated with ribosomes, which synthesize proteins. Therefore, an abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum allows for the production of protein for secretion.
Nails are made of a protein called __________.
keratin
Anxiety about an upcoming final exam causes a student to experience an increase in blood pressure, dilation of the pupils, and a dry mouth. Which of the following nervous system responses is responsible for these physical symptoms?

A. Voluntary
B. Sympathetic
C. Limbic
D. Cognitive
Sympathetic response are involuntary physiological responses, often provoked by stress.
Which of the following results from the release of the NEUROTRANSMITTER DOPAMINE into the NERVE SYNAPSE?
When dopamine enters the synapse, it binds to receptor proteins of the postsynaptic cells, causing a response in the cell. Neurotransmitters are usually polar and act by binding receptors of the postsynaptic neuron.

Dopamine is a type of neurotransmitter. Your body makes it, and your nervous system uses it to send messages between nerve cells. That's why it's sometimes called a chemical messenger.
Dopamine plays a role in how we feel pleasure. It's a big part of our unique human ability to think and plan. It helps us strive, focus, and find things interesting.First, it changes the amino acid tyrosine to a substance called dopa, and then into dopamine.

Polar are "hydrophilic" water loving.
Which of the following describes he FUNCTION of the RIBOSOME in a living cell?
The ribosome is the site of translation of the genetic code of DNA and RNA into the amino acid code of proteins.
If an INTENSIVE PROPERTY is independent of the amount of the material being measured, what is an example of an intensive property?
Density is ratio of material present in a given volume. Water will have the same density whether in a bucket or in a cup. It is independent of the amount of material. Therefore, it is an intensive property.
Which of the following statements correctly matches a BODY SYSTEM with its FUNCTION?
The digestive system includes the intestines, where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream.
What is the role of the URETHRA?
The urethra connects to the bladder to the opening of the body and allows the urine to leave.
Which of the following is a FORM OF ENERGY contained in nutrient molecules in ATP's high-energy bonds?
Bonds in molecules store potential energy for later use
A researcher decides to repeat an experiment and reassess results first established in the 1930s about why plants grow towards light. Which of the following is the best reason for conducting this experiment?
Equipments and methods developed since the 1930s may produce better data and provide mechanistic detail.
Which of the following GLANDS produces MELATONIN, the hormone that regulates sleep?
Pineal Gland produces MELATONIN.
Which of the following explains why DAMAGE to the SPLEEN is a critical concern?
Damage to the SPLEEN causes massive blood loss

Spleen filters blood
When an enzyme is DEGRADED into its monomeric structural units, the monomers will be
amino acids
Which of the following ENZYMES breaks down complex carbohydrates?
AMYLASE: breaks down starch, which is a complex carbohydrate, into maltose, a simple disaccharide.
Which of the following is the purpose of using a CONTROL GROUP in an investigation?
A scientific CONTROL GROUP gives reliable baseline data to compare results.
Which of the following contains the testes?
Scrotum: a sac that holds the testes
Which of the following glands is exclusively found in males?
Cowper's glands: secrete fluid to protect sperm in males.
Which of the following conditions is related to an ABNORMALITY in the function of RED BLOOD CELLS?
ANEMIA: when hemoglobin in red blood cells does not transport enough oxygen.
Which of the following processes explains why an individual that has suffered a broken bone and is immobilized for an extended period time experience BONE MASS LOSS?
DEMINERALIZATION: the decrease in mechanical stress that results from immobility can lead to demineralization, as mechanical stress induces bone growth.
A blood sample taken from a patient fighting an infection is expected to show
ELEVATED White Blood Cell count
Which of the following is part of the small intestine?
Ileum

*There are 3 parts in the small intestine
Which of the following hormones is produced in the ovaries?
Estrogen
Which of the following explains why GASES are termed "COMPRESSIBLE" and LIQUIDS are NOT?
Particles have a LARGE AMOUNT of EMPTY SPACE between them.
Which of the following glands is found on top of the kidneys?
Adrenal
Which of the following explains what happens in the CIRCULATORY SYSTEM during HYPERVENTILATION?
Carbon dioxide levels decrease, causing an increase in blood pH.
Which of the following molecules, if PRESENT in URINE, indicates a problem with kidney function?
Albumin: Healthy kidneys DO NOT allow albumin (a protein) to be released in the urine.
A BLOOD PRESSURE reading of 120/70 mm Hg refers to ARTERIAL PRESSURE recorded during
ventricular contraction/ventricular relaxation
Which of the following organs stores bile?
gallbladder

**Bile is a digestive fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
Skeletal muscle contraction is stimulated by the neurotransmitter __________, which is released by nerves at the neuromuscular junction.
Acetylcholine: is the neurotransmitter released by the autonomic nervous system that causes skeletal muscles to contract.
Which of the following layers of the epidermis contains cells that provide protection against UV radiation?
Stratum basale
Seaweed --> Snail--> Fish--> Dolphin

Using the food chain above, which of the following terms best describes the trophic level of snails?

A. Producer
B. Primary consumer
C. Secondary consumer
D. Tertiary consumer
Primary consumer
The LUNGS are covered by a MEMBRANE called?
pleura
It has been hypothesized that chloroplasts originated from photosynthetic cyanobacteria that became symbiotic inside a host cell. Which of the following observations provides the strongest evidence for this suggestion?
Chloroplast DNA shows clear similarities to cyanobacterial DNA
The cause of cell differentiation is that different cells
express ALTERNATE GENETIC information.
Which of the following cell types produce antibodies?
B- cells
Cystic fibrosis is a homozygous recessive condition. A genetic counselor should advise concerned parents that, if each of them has a parent who has cystic fibrosis yet neither of the concerned parents is affected, the probability of their potential child having cystic fibrosis is
25 % since each parents is a carrier of the disease (CFcf), then the child would have a 25% chance of having cystic fibrosis.
Steps involved in natural selection include:

1. Preservation of genes of best-adapted offspring.
2. Overproduction of offspring with variation in traits.
3. Differential survival in the face of environmental challenges

Which of the following is the sequence in which these steps take place?
2, 3, 1

Offspring are produced with a variety of traits. Only the best-adapted offspring survive, and pass along genes to future generations. This preserves only the genes of the best adapted offspring.
Which of these terms specifically means the INTAKE and EXPULSION of AIR using the lungs?
Ventilation
Which of the following is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells?
Hemoglobin: is an iron-containing protein in red blood cells that absorbs oxygen.
Which of the following connects BONE to MUSCLE?
Tendons
A first-degree burn involves which of the following layers of skin?
Epidermis ONLY
Which of the following food sources provides the majority of UREA that is filtered from the blood via the kidneys?
Meat and some plant products, such as legumes
Inflammation, production of interferon, and ingestion of pathogens by phagocytes are NONSPECIFIC cellular responses by which of the following?
The innate immune system

Innate, or nonspecific, immunity is the defense system with which you were born. It protects you against all antigens. Innate immunity involves barriers that keep harmful materials from entering your body. These barriers form the first line of defense in the immune response.
what feature of the ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM decreases the amount of time it takes for the body to respond to a particular antigen?
Memory cells: are a type of lymphocyte that responds more quickly to an antigen upon reintroduction of the antigen.
Which of the following occurs in the CARDIAC CYCLE if the impulse triggered at the SINOATRIAL NODE NEVER reaches the Purkinje fibers of the heart?
The VENTRICLES will NOT contract.
Which of the following BLOOD VESSEL is identified by the letter "K"
Pulmonary artery
Which of the following HEART CHAMBER is identified as by the letter "C"
Right ventricle
Which of the following results from the blockage of blood flow to the cardiac muscle tissue?
Myocardial infarction (Heart attack)
Which of the following describes the link between between damaged villi and malnutrition?
Damaged villi decrease the nutrient-absorbing surface area in the gastrointestinal tract.
Which of the following organs is responsible for majority of chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients in the digestive system?
small intestine
Which of the following statement correctly describe neurons?
Motor neurons carry an efferent (carrying away) impulse.
Contractions occur when the thin __________ filaments slide past the thicker __________ filaments, causing the sarcomere unit to shorten or contract.
Actin; Myosin

Actin and Myosin slide past each other and the sarcomere unit shrinks.
Which of the following nerve structures transmits nerve impulses to other cells?
Axon
The ENDOCRINE SYSTEM is a collection of ductless glands that produce which of the following response?
A slowly initiating, but prolonged response on other body systems.
Which of the following terms refers to the integration center between the endocrine and nervous system?
Hypothalamus
Which of the following glands has an exocrine function and aids in the regulation of blood glucose?
Pancreas
Which of the following term refers to the middle layer of the skin that is made of connective tissue?
Dermis
Which of the following is produced by the skin when a cholesterol-based precursor is modified by the presence of ultraviolet radiation?
Vitamin D
Which of the following types of bone cells perform mineral resorption?
Osteoclasts
Inside of adult long bones, yellow bone marrow is located within which of the following?
medullary cavity
Which of the following is a progressive autoimmune disease that causes JOINT INFLAMMATION and PAIN?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Which of the following term is used to refer to the anatomical plane of reference shown at the figures waist , indicated by light blue color?
Transverse plane
Which of the following statement describes the function of RIBOSOMES?
They facilitate Protein Synthesis
Which of the following types of tissue serves to fasten and support body parts?
Connective
Which of the following causes low lung compliance as a result of elastic lung tissue destruction?
Emphysema
Which of the following leaves the body via the vas deferens?
Gametes
At which of the following sites does implantation of a fertilized ovum (egg) occur?
Uterus
Which of the following reproductive organs produces SPERM in males and OVA in females?
gonads
Which of the following is the process during which glucose and amino acids enter the renal tubule are are transported to the peritubular capillaires?
Reabsorption
Which of the following part of the BRAIN controls BALANCE and EQUILIBRIUM?
Cerebellum
Which of the following is a term used to describe an action potential jumping from node to node in an axon?
Saltatory conduction
Genetic information describing the characteristics of an organism is found in which of the following?
Nucleus: contains DNA, which is the genetic information for the organism.
Which of the following statements correctly describes a major metabolic pathway?
Photosynthesis is an oxidative, synthetic pathway.
Which of the following best describes the result of mitosis?
New body cells that REPLACE damaged body cells.
A polysaccharides can be described as which of the following?
A carbohydrate that is made of many sugar molecules.
If a DNA segment of GGA TAC ATA is used as a template for RNA, what will the sequence of bases be in the complementary codons?
CCU AUG UAU
Inheritance can be described as which of the following?
transmission of characteristics to offspring
An atom has lost an electron becomes _________ in charge and is called a ________
positive; cation

An atom without a charge is NEUTRAL because it has the same number of electrons in its orbitals as PROTONS in its nucleus. When an ELECTRON is lost from the atom, a positive proton is not balanced and the atom is called a cation. When an electron is gained by an atom, the extra negative charge of the electron is not balanced by an extra proton in the nucleus. A negatively charged atom is called an anion.
Which of the following statement is TRUE about PROTONS?
They are located in the NUCLEUS of an atom
Which of the following characteristics applies to the BONDS holding together NONPOLAR COVALENT molecules?
They share electrons between atoms and result in a balanced distribution of charges throughout the molecule.
Which of the following is characteristic of a GRAPH displaying the physical states of a substance under varying temperature and pressure?
Having temperature and pressure as its axes and is called a phase diagram
Which of the following compounds is formed when a reaction between an acid and base results in the acid's hydrogen being replaced by a cation?
Salt

As salt is a chemical compound formed from the reaction of an acid with a base with at least part of the hydrogen of the acid replaced by a positive ion.
Which of the following is the appropriate prefix to measure the amount of space taken up by a penny?
Milli
Which of the following is a TRUE statement about SI UNITS?
SI UNITS are part of a standard system of measurement that is used in SCIENCE.
In which of the following units is EMPIRICAL DATA being collected?
Samantha counts the number of school buses that pass her house on Monday between 2:00 pm and 3:00 pm
Which of the following is a requirement in order to develop a SOUND CONCLUSION?
Data that is collected from an experiment that includes a control.
Which of the following statements is TRUE about understanding magnitude when describing relationships?
A micrometer is smaller than a centimeter, and a centimeter is smaller than a kilometer.
Which of the following is an example of a HYPOTHESIS?
If a plant is watered with acid rain, it will grow more slowly.
Students are designing an experiment to test the effect of drinking lemonade on the number of sit-ups they are able to perform. Which of the following is the dependent variable?
Number of sit-ups

The variable being measured in an experiment is the dependent variable. The number sit-ups performed is the variable being measured.
Which of the following describes the function of the RIBOSOMES?
Protein synthesis
Because muscle cells require LARGE amounts of energy to function correctly, which organelle would be prevalent in those type of cells?
Mitochondria
Which of the following organelle is responsible for storing genetic information?
Nucleus
In the human body, which of the following organs is in a SUPERIOR (ABOVE) position to the LUNGS?
Brain
What part of the arm is DISTAL (FARTHEST AWAY) to the shoulder of the human body?
THUMB is farthest away from the shoulder of the the body.
Which of the following structure changes the VOLUME of the LUNGS?
Diaphragm
Which of the following statements best explains how the structure of alveoli relates to its function?
The walls of the alveoli are THIN to INCREASE the RATE of DIFFUSION.
Which of the following best describes the primary function of the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM?
It exchanges gases between the blood and the air in an environment.
Which of the following conditions causes a NARROWING of airways in the respiratory system?
Asthma
What will occur in the BLOOD if the TIDAL VOLUME in the lungs INCREASES
Increasing the tidal volume will increase diffusion of carbon dioxide out of the bloodstream. Oxygen will increase in the bloodstream. Changing the tidal volume will not have a direct effect on the heart rate or surfactant.
Which of the following lists the primary parts of the heart?
Muscle tissue split into four chambers
Which of the following blood components is responsible for transporting oxygen?
Red Blood Cells
Which of the following CHAMBERS pumps blood TOWARDS the LUNGS?
Right Ventricle
Which of the following statements best describes the function of VEINS?
Veins carry blood BACK to the HEART.
Which TWO CHAMBERS of the heart have thicker walls? Why would they be thicker?
Ventricles have thicker walls because they use large amount of pressure to push blood to different parts of the body. This puts force on these chambers.
In which of the following organs does DIGESTION begin?
Mouth
In which of the following organs does the BREAKDOWN of PROTEINS begin?
Stomach
Which of the following structures absorbs nutrients in the SMALL INTESTINE?
Microvilli
Which of the following statements best describes PERISTALSIS?
Muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.
Describe the MECHANICAL and CHEMICAL digestion of starch or carbohydrate?
1st starch begins to break down in the mouth.
2nd chewing breaks the molecules into smaller pieces. Amylase speeds up the process of starches by breaking down into smaller molecules.
3rd Muscle contractions in the stomach break down food particles into chyme.
Lastly, enzymes in the small intestine are released by the pancreas break down the starches into simple sugars.
Which of the following actions is controlled by VOLUNTARY nerve signals?
Walking
Which of the following best describes the function of a NERVE SYNAPSE?
It allows for the passing of signals between NEURONS and MUSCLES.
Which of the following types of MUSCLE CELL are often VOLUNTARY?
Skeletal
Which of the following types of NERVES sends messages to the brain?
Sensory
A person puts their hand on something HOT but quickly removes it. Describe the PATHWAY of the signal and response through the neuromuscular system.
SENSORY NERVES send a message to the (CNS) central nervous system from the hand. Then MOTOR NERVES send a signal to the muscles of the arm to contract.
Which of the following organs produce female gametes?
Ovary
Which is the location where FERTILIZATION takes place?
Fallopian tubes
Which of the following best describes one function of ESTROGEN?
Maturation of eggs
Which of the following DOES NOT result from the production of luteinizing hormone (LH) in MALES?
Bone growth
How do FEMALE and MALE GAMETES differ?
Female gametes (eggs) are produced by ovaries. Male gametes (sperm) are produced by the testes. Sperm is constantly produced, but eggs are developed and matured cyclically. Eggs are released one at a time, but many sperm can be released at once
Which of the following is the layer of the skin that forms a PROTECTIVE, WATERPROOF BARRIER?
Epidermis
Which of the following best describes the function of MELANOCYTES?
Production of melanin
Which of the following LAYER of the SKIN contain HAIR FOLLICLES?
Dermis
Which of the following layers of the skin contain a LAYER of DEAD CELLS?
Epidermis
Describe the integumentary system reacts to a RISE in body TEMPERATURE?
If the body gets too hot, the integumentary system uses thermoregulation strategies to cool it off. Sweat is produced by the sebaceous glands. As the water in sweat evaporates, the skin is cooled. Blood vessels also dilate and move closer to the skin to try and cool it off.
Other sets by this creator