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Sec4 History - Ch 4 End of Cold War

Terms in this set (18)

Factors Leading to the end of the Cold War
1. Long Term Factors :
1.1 American economic and military superiority
1.2 Declining confidence in communist ideology and failure of the Soviet economy

2. Short Term Factors :
2.1 Ascension of Gorbachev
2.2 Implementation and consequences of his reforms: Glasnost, Perestroika, and foreign policy reforms
1.1 American economic and military superiority
1.1.1 Economic boom in the USA and Western European countries
1.1.2 Renewal of the arms race and its impact
1.2 Declining confidence in communist ideology and failure of the Soviet economy
1.2.1 Structural weaknesses of the command economy compared to the free market economy
1.2.2 Continued lack of consumer goods and low quality of life
1.2.3 External economic burdens of the Soviet Union
1.2.4 Increasing dissidence within the communist bloc
2.1 Ascension of Gorbachev
Sought to revive the Soviet Union through ways different from those of the older-generation Soviet leaders
2.2 Implementation and consequences of his reforms: Glasnost, Perestroika, and foreign policy reforms
2.2.1 End of Soviet control over Eastern Europe
2.2.2 Fall of the Berlin Wall
2.2.3 Increased cooperation between the superpowers
2.2.4 Disintegration of the Soviet Union
Long Term Factors Leading to the end of the Cold War (1)
1.1 American economic and military superiority
1.2 Declining confidence in communist ideology and failure of the Soviet economy
Short Term Factors Leading to the end of the Cold War (1)
2.1 Ascension of Gorbachev
2.2 Implementation and consequences of his reforms: Glasnost, Perestroika, and foreign policy reforms
Long Term Factors Leading to the end of the Cold War (2)
1.1 American economic and military superiority
1. Economic boom in the USA and Western European countries
2. Renewal of the arms race and its impact

1.2 Declining confidence in communist ideology and failure of the Soviet economy
1. Structural weaknesses of the command economy compared to the free market economy
2. Continued lack of consumer goods and low quality of life
3. External economic burdens of the Soviet Union
4. Increasing dissidence within the communist bloc
Superpower relations from the 1960s to the late 1970s
1. Reduction of tensions due to detente
2. Stalling and abandonment of detente
Sovereign State
A country that has a right to determine its own system of government and govern its own internal affairs, free from interference from other countries.
Detente
1. Detente marked a shift in American policy of containment and confrontation.
2. Detente held that USA and Soviet Union had the right to exist side by side as sovereign states.
3. Both superpowers also accepted and respected each other's sphere of influence.
When was policy of Detente introduced ?
Under the administration of Amercan President Richard Nixon from 1969 to 1974.
Who introduced Detente ?
- Introduced by National Security Advisor, Henry Kissinger
- Under the administration of Amercan President Richard Nixon
Why did the Cold War end ?
1. Change in leadership of the superpowers
Period of detente
1. Reduced tensions between USA and Soviet Union
2. Manage Cold War relations in a realistic manner
3. Seek to reduce direct conflict between USA and Soviet Union
4. Avoid another crises that could lead to nuclear war
5. Allow USA to devote more time to end its involvement in the Vietnam War
- which drained its resources
- increasingly unpopular back home and abroad
6. Soviet Union felt more secure - largely caught up - - with nuclear arsenal
- military capability of USA
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