Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

Week 8 anatomy

Terms in this set (111)

Muscles in the posterior pelvis
gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis, obturator internus muscle, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, and quadratus femoris mm.
Gluteus maximus muscle
Attachments: sacrum (lateral part), ilium (posterior part), thoracolumbar fascia, sacrotuberous ligament and IT tract/band and gluteal tuberosity

Function: Entire muscle: extends externally rotates the hip in sagittal and coronal planes
upper fibers: abduction
lower fibers: adduction

Innervation: inferior gluteal nerve
gluteus medius muscle
Attachments: ilium (below iliac crest), greater trochanter of femur (lateral side)

Function: entire muscle: abducts the hip, stabilizes the pelvis in the coronal plane
anterior part: flexion and internal rotation
posterior part: extension and external rotation

Innervation: superior gluteal nerve
Gluteus minimus muscle
Attachments: ilium (below origin of gluteus medius muscle) and greater trochanter of femur

Function: entire muscle: abducts the hip, stabilizes the pelvis in the coronal plane
anterior part: flexion and internal rotation
posterior part: extension and external rotation

Innervation: superior gluteal nerve
Piriformis m
Attachments: pelvis surface of the sacrum and apex of greater trochanter of femur

Function: external rotation, abduction, extension of hip joint

Innervation: sacral plexus
Obturator internus muscle (or tendon)
Attachments: inner surface of obturator membrane and bony boundaries and medial surface of greater trochanter

Function: external rotation, adduction, and extension of hip joint (also in active abduction, depending on the joint's position)

Innervation: sacral plexus
Superior gemellus muscle
Attachments: ischial spine and jointly with obturator internus tendon (medial surface of greater trochanter)

Function: external rotation, adduction, and extension of hip bone (also active abduction, depending on the joint's position)

Innervation: sacral plexus
Inferior gemellus muscle
Attachments: ischial tuberosity and jointly with obturator internus tendon (medial surface of greater trochanter)

Function: external rotation, adduction, and extension of hip bone (also active abduction, depending on the joint's position)

Innervation: sacral plexus
quadratus femoris muscle
Attachments: lateral border of ischial tuberosity and intertrochanteric crest of femur

Function: external rotation and adduction of the hip joint

Innervation: sacral plexus
tensor fasciae latae muscle
Attachments: anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and IlioTibial tract/band

Function: tenses the fascia latae;
hip joint: abduction, flexion, and internal rotation

Innervation: superior gluteal nerve
iliotibial tract/band
Contributions from the tensor fascia latae muscle and gluteus maximus muscle

Function: functions as a tension band to reduce bending loads on the proximal femur
long head of biceps femoris muscle
Attachments: ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament and head of fibula

Function: hip joint: (long head): extends the hip, stabilizes the pelvis in the sagittal plane
Knee joint: flexion and external rotation

Innervation: tibial nerve
short head of biceps femoris muscle
Attachments: lateral lip of linea aspera in middle 1/3 of femur and head of fibula

Function: knee joint: flexion and external rotation

Innervation: common fibular nerve
semitendinosus muscle
Attachments: ischial tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament (common head with long head of biceps femoris) and medial to tibial tuberosity in pes anserinus

Function: hip joint: extends hip, stabilizes pelvis in sagittal plane
knee joint: flexion and internal rotation

Innervation: tibial nerve
semimembranosous muscle
Attachments: ischial tuberosity and medial tibial condyle, oblique popliteal ligament, popliteal fascia

Function: hip joint: extends hip, stabilizes pelvis in sagittal plane
knee joint: flexion and internal rotation

Innervation: tibial nerve
pes anserinus contains ______________, _____________, and _____________.
gracilis tendon, sartorius tendon, and semitendinosus tendon
What's in the femoral triangle?
femoral artery
femoral vein
femoral nerve
gracilis tendon
Attachments: inferior pubic ramus below the pubic symphysis and tibia (medial border)

Function: hip joint: adduction and flexion
knee joint: flexion and internal rotation

Innervation: obturator nerve
sartorius muscle
Attachments: anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and medial to tibial tuberosity (together with gracilis and semitendinosus)

Function: hip joint: flexion, abduction, and external rotation
knee joint: flexion and internal rotation

Innervation: femoral nerve
rectus femoris muscle
Attachments: AIIS, acetabular roof of hip joint, and tibial tuberosity

Function: hip joint: flexion
knee joint: extension

Innervation: femoral nerve
what muscles make up the quadriceps femoris muscle?
rectus femoris muscle
vastus lateralis muscle
vastus medialis muscle
vastus intermedius muscle
vastus lateralis muscle
Attachments: linea aspera (lateral lip), greater trochanter (lateral surface), and both sides of tibial tuberosity on the medial and lateral condyles (via medial and lateral patellar retinacula)

Function: knee joint: extension

Innervation: femoral nerve
vastus medialis muscle
Attachments: linea aspera (medial lip), intertrochanteric line (distal part), and both sides of tibial tuberosity on the medial and lateral condyles (via medial and lateral patellar retinacula)

Function: knee joint: extension

Innervation: femoral nerve
vastus intermedius muscle
Attachments: femoral shaft (anterior) and tibial tuberosity

Function: knee joint: extension

Innervation: femoral nerve
iliopsoas muscle
Attachments: (combination of iliacus muscle, psoas major and psoas minor muscle) lesser trochanter of the femur and T12 - L4 IV discs (lateral surfaces) and L1- L5 vertrebra (costal processes)

Function: hip joint: flexion and external rotation
lumber spine: unilateral contraction: bends trunk laterally to same side; bilateral contraction: raises trunk from supine position

Innervation: psoas major muscle: lumbar plexus
iliacus muscle: femoral nerve
pectineus muscle
Attachments: superior pubic ramus and femur (posterior below lesser trochanter)

Function: hip joint: adduction, external rotation, and slight flexion
stabilizes pelvis in coronal and sagittal plane

Innervation: femoral n and obturator n
gracilis muscle
Attachments: inferior pubic ramus below pubic symphysis and tibia (medial border of adductor tuberosity)

Function: hip joint: adduction and flexion
knee joint: flexion and internal rotation

Innervation: obturator nerve
adductor longus muscle
Attachments: superior pubic ramus and anterior side of public symphysis, and femur (medial side middle of shaft)

Function: hip joint: adduction and flexion (up to 70 degrees), extension (past 80 degrees)
stabilizes the pelvis in the coronal and sagittal planes

Innervation: obturator nerve
adductor magnus muscle
Attachments: inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus, and ischial tuberosity, medial side of femur (3/4 of shaft) and adductor tubercle

Function: hip joint: adduction, extension, and slight flexion (tendinous insertion also active in internal rotation)
stabilizes the pelvis in coronal and sagittal planes

Innervation: 1/2 (superficial) by tibial nerve and 1/2 (deep) obturator nerve
adductor brevis muscle
Attachments: inferior pubic ramus and (medial (linea aspera of)) femur

Function: hip joint: adduction, extension, and slight flexion (tendinous insertion also active in internal rotation)
stabilizes the pelvis in coronal and sagittal planes

Innervation: obturator nerve
obturator nerve
innervates the medial thigh muscles
femoral nerve
innervates anterior thigh muscles
What's in the popliteal fossa?
- medial head of gastrocnemius muscle
- lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle
- long head of biceps femoris muscle
- semimembranosus muscle
- semitendinosus muscle
medial head of gastrocnemius muscle
Attachments: superior posterior part of medial femoral condyle and the calcaneal tuberosity via the calcaneal tendon

Function: talocrural joint: plantar flexion when knee is extended
knee joint: flexion

Innervation: tibial nerve
lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle
Attachments: lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle and calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal tendon

Function: talocrural joint: plantar flexion when knee is extended
knee joint: flexion

Innervation: tibial nerve
popliteus muscle
Attachments: lateral femoral condyle, posterior horn of the lateral meniscus, and posterior (medial side) tibial surface

Function: knee joint: flexes and unlocks knee by internally rotating femur on the fixed tibia 5 degrees

Innervation: tibial nerve
tibial nerve
Innervates posterior leg
common fibular nerve
Innervates anterior leg
plantaris muscle
Attachments: lateral epicondyle of femur and calcaneal tuberosity

Function: negligible; may act with gastrocnemius in plantar flexion

Innervation:
soleus muscle
Attachments: fibula (head and neck), tibia (posterior), and calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal tendon

Function: talocrural joint: plantar flexion

Innervation: tibial nerve
tendon calcaneous
Also known as the Achilles tendon
flexor hallicus longus muscle
Attachments: fibula, adjacent interosseous membrane, and base of 1st distal phalanx

Function: talocrural joint: plantar flexion
subtalar joint: inversion (supination)
MTP and IP joints of the 1st toe: plantar flexion
supports medial longitudinal arch

Innervation: tibial nerve
tibialis posterior muscle
Attachments: interosseous membrane, adjacent borders of tibia and fibula, cuneiforms, and navicular tuberosity, 2nd - 4th metatarsals

Function: talocrural joint: plantar flexion
subtalar joint: inversion (supination)
supports longitudinal and transverse arches

Innervation: tibial nerve
flexor digitorum longus muscle
Attachments: tibia (middle 1/3 of posterior surface) and 2nd - 5th bases of distal phalanges

Function: talocrural joint: plantar flexion
subtalar joint: inversion (supination)
MTP and IP joints of 2nd - 5th toes: plantar flexion

Innervation: tibial nerve
superficial fibular nerve
innervation of lateral leg muscles
fibularis longus muscle
Attachments: fibula (head and proximal 2/3 of lateral surface) and medial cuneiform (plantar side), 1st metatarsal (base)

Function: talocrural joint: plantar flexion
subtalar: eversion (pronation)
supports the transverse arch of the foot

Innervation: superficial fibular nerve
fibularis brevis muscle
Attachments: fibula (distal half of lateral surface), 5th metatarsal (on tuberosity)

Function: talocrural joint: plantar flexion
subtalar joint: eversion (pronation)

Innervation: superficial fibular nerve
tibialis anterior muscle
Attachments:

Function:

Innervation:
extensor hallicus longus muscle
Attachments:

Function:

Innervation:
extensor digitorum longus muscle
Attachments:

Function:

Innervation:
deep fibular nerve
innervation:
dorsal scapular nerve
innervation:
serratus anterior muscle
Attachments:

Function:

Innervation:
rhomboid major muscle
Attachments:

Function:

Innervation:
rhomboud minor muscle
Attachments:

Function:

Innervation:
trapezius muscle
Attachments:

Function:

Innervation:
levator scapulae muscle
Attachments:

Function:

Innervation:
latissimus dorsi muscle
Attachments:

Function:

Innervation:
brachial plexus
Label the brachial plexus
Our body weight is transferred from the 1)_______________ column through the 2)___________ joints to the 3)__________________ through the 4)_________ joints to the 5)___________. Then it is further transferred from the 6)________ joint to the 7)________ joint by the 8)__________ and from there to the 9)___________.
1) vertebral column
2) SI (sacroiliac) joints
3) pelvic girdle
4) hip joints
5) femurs

6) knee
7) ankle
8) tibia
9) talus
What makes up the pelvic girdle?
...
The _________ is weight bearing and the __________ is non-weight bearing.
tibia
fibula
The start of our true pelvis is at the level of the _________________.
(ala of the) ilium
Greater pelvis (false pelvis)
What is the light green part called?
lesser pelvis (true pelvis)
What is the darker green part called?
The ______________ separates the pelvic cavity from the perineal region.
pelvic diaphragm (pelvic floor)
What are the functions of the pelvis?
- bears weight of upper body
- transfers weight from axial to lower appendicular skeleton
- attachment for muscles of locomotion (gait), posture, and those of the abdominal wall
- protects organs
What's in the pelvic girdle?
paired hip bones, sacrum bone, coccyx bone, SI joint, and pubic symphysis

FEMUR NOT INCLUDED
What 3 bones make up the hip bones?
ilium
ischium
pubis
Pelvic inlet
What's the area highlighted in green?

It's made up of the pelvic brim: promontory and ala of sacrum bone, right and left linea terminalis, arcuate lines, and pecten pubis
pelvic outlet
What's the area highlighted in red?

It's made up of the pubic arch, ischial tuberosities, sacrotuberosities, and tip of coccyx bone
The ________ pelvis is more round.
female
The ______ pelvis is more narrow.
male
The __________ joint is at the L5 and S1 area.
lumbosacral joint
The _________ joint allows for limited mobility and transmits weight of the body to the hip bones.
sacro-iliiac (joint)
The pubic symphysis has an ______________.
interpubic disc
The __________ ligament is behind the sacrospinous ligament.
sacrotuberous (ligament)
sacrotuberous ligament
Attachments:
sacrospinous ligament
Attachments:
When we are walking, our pelvises are moving in ___________ direction.
opposite
The ___________________ ligament and _______________ ligament as well as the SI joint help to reinforce stability.
superior pubic (ligament)
inferior pubic (ligament)
The ____________________ ligament covers the anterior aspect of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs throughout the length of the vertebral column (https://www.physio-pedia.com/Anterior_longitudinal_ligament#:~:text=Anterior%20longitudinal%20ligament%20%2D%20Physiopedia%20Description,length%20of%20the%20vertebral%20column.)
anterior longitudinal (ligament)
obturator membrane
what is located within the green circle that covers the obturator foramen?
____________ consists of 2 hip bones while ___________ is only 1 hip bone.
Os coxae
Os coxa
The __________ ___________ is also called our sit bone; it serves as an attachment site for posterior thigh muscles (hamstrings), small lateral rotators of the hip, and the adductor magnus muscle
ischial tuberosity
All 3 hip bones come together to form the __________.
acetabulum
The acetabulum is _________ compared to the shoulder.
deeper
Our _________ of the hip bone is up in the abdominal region; things from our back and abdomen attach on this structure.
ilium
The __________________ is an attachment site for the sartorius muscle and tensor fascia latae muscle
anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
The _________________ is passes through the center of the SI joint.
posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)
The __________________ serves as the proximal attachment site for the rectus femoris muscle.
anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
The ____________ bone contributes the smallest amount (20%) to the formation of the acetabulum.
pubis
The inferior pubic ramus is an attachment site for _____________ muscles.
adductor (muscles)
The pubic tubercle is an attachment site for the ____________________.
inguinal ligament
Our _______ is where the femur is meeting the hip bone.
hip
The dimples that we can see on our back mark where our _________ bone is.
sacrum (bone)
The ______________ muscle and ____________ muscle work together to affect the IT tract/band
gluteus maximus (muscle)
tensor fascia latae (muscle)
What muscles are in our deep muscle layer of our glutes and are the external rotators of the hip?
- piriformis muscle
- obturator internus muscle
- superior gemellus muscle
- inferior gemellus muscle
- quadtaus femoris muscle
- obturator externus muscle
Piriformis syndrome can happen where the sciatic nerve 1) or 2)
1) sits on top of the piriformis muscle
2) pierces the piriformis muscle
A bucket-handle fracture happens at the ____________ of the hip.
SI joint
Fractures of the pelvis mainly occur during __________ injuries
crush (when things are compressed)
Fascia is _____ in the lower extremities because it has to hold everything in.
thicker
The _______________ joint is a ball and socket joint which means it can move in a multi-axial direction. This joint has a joint capsule that is spiral (from hip bone to intertrochanteric line of femur) that allows for some __________.
hip (joint)
rotation
There is no question associated with this...this is what the joint capsule is doing around the hip joint.
There is no question associated with this...this is what the joint capsule is doing around the hip joint.
The ______ is a long bone but it is also angled in to assist in walking.
femur (bone)
The angle of inclination and torsion angle can contribute to _________ and or problems with the ________ and _______
arthiritis
knee
hips
The ___________ is the distribution of weight/forces on the femur
angle of inclination
The angle of inclination for an adult is about _____ degrees; for a 3-year-old it's around ______ degrees. As we age, the angle of inclination can ________.
126
135
decrease
A coxa vara is a ___________ angle of inclination.
decreased
A coxa valga is an ____________ angle of inclination.
increased
torsion means...
twist/pull
Students also viewed