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Chapter 10-13

Terms in this set (80)

In implicit memory tasks, patients with amnesic syndrome show ______
normal repetition priming in word fragment completion
Reduplicative paramnesia describes an unusual condition in which _____
patients believe that places or locations have been duplicated and that the two locations exist simultaneously
Transient Global Amnesia refers to ______.
a rare form of amnesia in which amnesic effects are short lived, even hours.
Korsakoff's disease is linked with which other disease?
Alcoholism
Memory importation is described as ______
a person with amnesia describes a memory from before the injury as if it had happened after
Which of the following are considered the signs of early stage of Alzheimer's disease?
deficits in episodic memory, mild anterograde amnesia, and lexical retrieval difficulties
Schacter describes the patient Lumberjack who suffered from psychogenic amnesia. In this case, ______
the patient eventually recovered his memory and his identity
The effect of benzodiazepines on memory is ______
temporary--once the drug wears off, the amnesic effects wear off
H. M. became amnesic when ______
his hippocampus was surgically removed
Patient JB has a deficit in the acquisition of new information. However, his intelligence is intact, he is aware of his memory deficit, and he is able to converse coherently. Your diagnosis?
amnesic syndrome
The effects of transient global amnesia _____
wear off usually within a few hours and all that is left is small window of retrograde amnesia
Which skill was intact in H. M. despite his strong amnesia?
He showed equivalent implicit memory to an age-matched control.
Which of these areas of the brain is associated with anterograde amnesia?
the fornix
Anosognosia is described as _____
failure to become aware of a cognitive deficit
Anosognosia refers to _____
the failure to become aware of a cognitive deficit
Deficits in temporal ordering (i.e., memory for time) are associated with which form of amnesia?
frontal lobe amnesia
Anterograde amnesia refers to ______.
an inability to form new memories
Repetition priming means that ______.
presentation at an earlier time can affect performance later on that same word, even in anterograde amnesiacs
What are the physical manifestations of Alzheimer's disease?
dense amyloid plaques form throughout the cortex
Which two forms of amnesia are associated with confabulation?
Korsakoff's disease and frontal lobe amnesia
Psychogenic amnesia is associated occasionally with a loss of identity, which is almost never seen in neurologically based amnesia, in the ______
terminal stages of Alzheimer's disease
In the case of ZB, the dissociative fugue state _____
did not wear off at all
Pring (2008) posits that autistic individuals dual diagnosed with savant syndrome demonstrate extraordinary cognitive skills in the domain of ______.
visual-based semantic memory
Dissociative amnesia is a condition in which only the traumatic event/events related to trauma ______.
are not remembered
Jha and Sharma (2015) found that even after recovering memory from fugue states, ______.
supportive therapy and mindfulness training are helpful
The greater deficit with PTSD is not amnesia but ______.
inhibiting the retrieval of unwanted memory
A less severe form of autism when intelligence is normal or above normal but social communication and interaction is difficult is known as ______.
Asperger's
Psychological problems associated with PTSD stem from ______.
episodic memory and unwanted retrieval
Treatment changes from memory to life adjustment through supportive therapy when ______.
dissociative fugue will not wear off
A chief symptom of PTSD is ______.
an inability to stop retrieval of memories related to the traumatic event
Case I, studied by Harrison et al., discovered that memory returned in 6 days and the fugue was related to ______.
stress, depression, and financial troubles
Dissociative fugue is the psychogenic amnesia in which the patient ______.
forgets personal identity to access autobiographical past
Neurological explanations tell us about the underlying ______.
neural substrates of an issue
Staniloiu et al. (2018) described a number of cases of dissociative amnesia as triggered by ______.
a subjectively very stressful or traumatic event
Intrusive memories are environmentally cued retrievals of events typically involving ______.
sensory details
One of the most common precursors of psychogenic amnesia is ______.
suicide or attempted suicide
Deficits in social communication, social interaction, language, emotional perception, theory of mind, and often repetitive or restrictive behaviors are symptomatic of ______.
Autism
One of the more successful treatments for PTSD is ______
to desensitize the cues that prompt memory
ADHD is accompanied by ______.
hyperactivity or impulsivity
Dissociative fugue is classified as a ______ amnesia.
retrograde
If the trace impairment view is correct, then the misinformation should alter and distort the original memory ______.
representation
Which of the following is not used in the cognitive interview?
hypnosis
Misinformation distorts or alters the memory for the original event and blends information. This is known as the ______ view.
trace impairment
If the coexistence hypothesis is correct, there is no ______ to induce retrieval of the second memory.
cue
Retrieval questions containing few cues allowing a participant to describe memory without suggestions and thus limiting the possibility of introducing inadvertent misinformation are called ______ questions.
open-ended
When nonsuggestive methods are used, older adults demonstrate memory accuracy equivalent to that of ______.
younger adults
A ______ lineup is a form of a face recognition test in which the participant sees only one face and must decide if that face is one seen earlier.
sequential
Psychologists study ______ to offer their expertise to propose ways in which the system can be improved.
cognitive and social processes
In the coexistence view of the misinformation effect,
the misinformation creates a second memory and participants have source-monitoring difficulties.
What leads witnesses to misremember important information?
suggestibility
In a sequential lineup, the witness matches the face to memory of the face seen and decides if this face matches the memory. This is called a(n) ______ judgment.
absolute
The problem with naturalistic settings is that it is difficult to control stress levels in children because it depends on the ______.
procedure
In the misinformation effect, participants witness a simulated crime. Later they receive misinformation about some items, but not others. The general pattern of results is that:
participants show reduced memory accuracy for those items that they received misinformation.
Loftus and Zanni (1975) found that the difference between the words ______ and ______ can have a strong effect on memory in their experiments.
the; a
Best memory performance in children was seen in the ______ condition.
moderate-stress
Hearing or giving a verbal description of a face makes remembering visual features more difficult. This is called ______.
verbal overshadowing
Interrogation of criminal suspects depends heavily on ______.
psychological research
Protocol to help investigators obtain maximum information with least induction of false memory is known as ______.
cognitive interview
High stress in children caused by extensive damage may have interfered with the ability to accurately ______.
encode events
Witness memories readily incorporate information from other sources into original memory of ______.
an event
Randolf is studying for his Japanese vocabulary quiz. Randolf has a long list of translations in front of him. Which is the most efficient study strategy?
Randolf should cover the Japanese words, present himself with the English, and try to retrieve each translation. If he fails, he should uncover the word, repeat it, and then come back to the item later.
Kornell (2009) compared the effects of massed and distributed practice on the learning of stimuli similar to those seen on the GRE. Kornell's results indicated that:
massed practice results in many false memories.
Playing tapes at subliminal levels or while someone is sleeping has been found to:
you cannot learn new information by subliminal methods or by playing tapes while you sleep.
Massed practice means that:
learning of certain material is done in one block of time.
Research on retrieval practice shows that:
making yourself retrieve information is a superior method learning than simply re-reading that information.
Subjective organization is an example of which broad principle of memory?
process for meaning
Self-regulated learning is most associated with which broad principle of memory improvement?
use metamemory
Research shows that:
ginkgo biloba does not boost memory.
Campbell and Mayer (2009) tested college students during classes. In one condition, students in an Educational Psychology class received a PowerPoint presentation in which questions were included as part of the presentation. In another set of PowerPoint, only statements were made. They found that:
the PowerPoint with questions led to better retrieval from the college students.
The famous ROY G BIV that stands for the colors of the spectrum (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet) is an example of:
acronym.
Acronyms and acrostics are helpful for remembering:
arbitrary associations
ACE stands for Association of Continuing Education. If ACE is used to remember this organization, it is said to be an:
acronym.
When is massed practice beneficial?
Massed practice is beneficial when it immediately precedes the test.
Which of these is not considered one of the four broad principles of memory improvement?
integrate working and long-term memory
Roediger and Karpicke (2006) asked participants to read short prose passages concerning scientific information. One group of participants restudied the items several times. A second group read the same passage but then were asked to recall information about the story on three practice tests. They found that:
the group that recalled information on practice tests did better on the final test.
One problem identified in getting people to take advantage of retrieval practice is:
judgments of learning are not sensitive to the increase in learning generated by retrieval practice.
Technical mnemonics refer to:
ready-made methods for learning information.
Ruthie has a big test coming up in French literature. She does not know how long it will take her to learn all the material. Given she does not know how much studying is required, what does the region of proximal learning suggest she should do to maximize her study time?
Make JOLs, then study the items first that are relatively easy, yet she has not yet mastered.
If you want to remember information long after the college exam on it is over, which of the following is an adaptive learning strategy?
use distributed practice during study
Encoding variability ensures that you will have created a range of cues for the information. This means that:
retrieval will improve because some of the cues at encoding will also be present at retrieval.
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