Chapter 3 and 4 Biology

Terms in this set (60)

all life on earth and all parts of earth which life exists, including land, water and atmosphere

The scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their living environments

a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

a group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area.

An assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area

all organisms that live in a place together with physical environment

a group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms

any living part of the environment in which an organism may interact including animals, plants, mushroom and bacteria

any non-living part of an environment such as sunlight, heat, precipitation, humidity, wind currents and wind, and soil type

organisms that use solar energy or chemicals and convert it into forms that living cells can use

Primary Producers

first producers of energy rich compounds that are later used by other organisms

Captures light energy and uses it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen

organisms that acquire energy from other organisms by ingesting them in one way or another

kill and eat other animals

obtain energy and nutrients by eating plant leaves

animals that consume the carcasses of other animals

animals that diet includes both plants and animals

"feed" by chemically breaking down organic matter

feed on non-living particulate organic matter

a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

photosynthetic algae found near the surface of the ocean

network of complex interactions formed by feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem

small floating animals that for part of plankton

each step of a food chain or food web

Bigeochemical cycles

when elements pass from one organisms to another and among other parts of the biosphere through closed loops

chemical substances that an organism needs to survive

Nitrogen fixation

Conversion of nitrogen gas into ammonia

Denitrification

Obtaining energy by converting nitrates into nitrogen gas

Limiting Nutrient

nutrient whose supply limits productivity

day to day conditions of Earths atmosphere

average conditions over long periods

environmental conditions within a small area that differ significantly than that of the surrounding area

Greenhouse effect

Processes in which certain gases (water vapor, CO2, and methane) trap sunlight energy in earths atmosphere as heat

ability to survive and reproduce under a range of environmental conditions

general place where and organism lives

what an organism does and how it interacts with abiotic and biotic factors in its environmental

any necessity of life, such as water, nutrients, light food or space

Competitive exclusion principle

states that no two species can occupy exactly the same niche in exactly the same habitat at exactly the same time

an interaction in which one animal (the predator) captures and feeds on another animal (the prey)

An interaction in which one animal (herbivore) feeds on producers (plants)

Keystone Species

changes in population of a single species that can cause dramatic changes in the structure of a community

any relationship in which 2 species live closely together

a kind of relationship between species in which both benefit

relationship in which 1 organism lives inside or on another organism and harms it

a relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is nether harmed nor helped

Ecological succesion

a series of more-or-less predictable changes that occur in a community over time

Primary succesion

succession that begins in an area with no remnants of an older community

Pioneer Species

first species to colonize barren areas

Secondary succession

type of succession that occurs in an area that was only partially destroyed by disturbance

classification of earths terrestrial ecosystems

dense covering by the leafy tops of tall rainforest trees

layer in a rainforest found underneath the canopy for med by shorter trees and vines

plant that sheds leaves during a particular season

layer of permanently frozen subsoil

sunlit region near the surface in which photosynthesis can occur

zone below the photic zone where photosynthesis cant occur

organisms that live on or in rocks and sediments at the bottom of lakes, streams, and oceans

general term that includes both phytoplankton and zooplankton

an ecosystem in which water either covers the soil or is present at or near the surface for at least part of the year

a special kind of wetland, formed where a river meets at the sea, includes fresh and salt water

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