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Fluid and Electrolytes

Terms in this set (15)

Osmotic Pressure
•Pressure by solutes- Sodium and Plasma Proteins
•Pulling force
•Moves water into vascular compartment from interstitial compartment
•Balanced achieved through osmosis
Oncotic Pressure
•Pressure exerted by colloids, specifically albumin
•Pulling force
•Keeps water in vascular compartment
•Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
•Decreased fluid causes fluid back into vascular
•Renin-angiotension-aldosterone system
•Decreased fluid causes fluid back into vascular
•Atrial natriuretic peptide
•Increased fluid and need to get it out
•B-type natriuretic peptide
•Increased fluid and need to get it out
Hypotonic
•less solutes outside the cell than inside; More water outside cell than inside
Isotonic
same concentrations inside and outside the cell
hypertonic
more solutes outside cell than inside; less water outside cell than inside
Intake triggers
•Habit
•Social reasons
•thirst
causes of dehydration
•Inadequate fluid intake
•Poor oral intake
•Inadequate IV fluid replacement
•Hypernatremia
•Excessive fluid losses
•GI losses
•Excessive diaphoresis
•Hemorrhage
•Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes Insipidus
signs and symptoms of dehydration
•Thirst
•Altered level of consciousness
•Hypotension
•Tachycardia
•Weak, thready pulse
•Dry mucous membranes
•Decreased skin turgor
•Oliguria
•Inadequate GFR due to inadequate fluid
•Weight loss
Fluid Volume overload causes
•Excessive sodium or water intake
•High sodium foods
•Excessive water ingestion
•Enteral "tube" feedings
•Inadequate sodium or water elimination
•Hyperaldosteronism
•SIADH
•Renal/Heart/Liver failure
signs and symptoms of fluid volume overload
•Thirst
•Altered level of consciousness
•Hypotension
•Tachycardia
•Weak, thready pulse
•Dry mucous membranes
•Decreased skin turgor
•Oliguria
•Inadequate GFR due to inadequate fluid
•Weight loss
Sodium
Normal range 135 - 145 mEq/L
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