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Micro Fungi

Terms in this set (18)

Malassezia furfur
tinea versicolor
small macular plaques
dx hyphae & blastoconidia = spaghetti & meatballs
Hortea werneckii
tinea nigra
non-inflammatory dark patches
branched septate hyphae with arthoconidia
Dermatophytes
causes skin, hair, and nail infections
ringworm
3 genera
dx presentation (most diagnostic) microscopy w/ KOH
Sporthrix schenckii
rose gardener's disease
puncture from thorn (or inhaled)
dx cigar shaped yeast, "daisy" spores (pictured) or asteroid bodies
cutaneous (painless bumps > ulcers), pulmonary and disseminated (RA/CNS sx) variants
Cladosporium spp.
Chromoblastomycosis
slow granulomatous infection - dark sclerotic bodies on skin scrapings prepped with KOH
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Blastomycosis
OH/MS river valleys + Great lakes
dx broad based buds
Coccidiodes immitis
SW USA
soil disturbances (weather events, etc) increase infection opportunity
respiratory disease
resistant to phagocytes
molecular mimicry
Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
central and south America
affects lungs and skin
dx captain's wheel or chest x-ray
Aspergillus fumigatus
septate hyphae that branch at a V-shaped (45 degree) angle
produces elastase to increase invasiveness
5 disease types including ABPA
generates alfatoxins (acute - GI sx; chronic - liver ca)
Pneumocystis jiroveci
opportunistic agent causing severe pneumonia in HIV-AIDs patients
sx dyspnea, cyanosis, tachypnea
dx ground glass x-ray, cup cells
Candida spp.
C. albicans - most common
opportunistic agent that is dimorphic (pseudohyphae at 20 deg C)
causes thrush, vaginitis
can be nosocomial (hospital acquired)
C. auris - rapidly emerging, highly resistant and can be misdiagnosed as C. albicans
Cryptococcus neoformans
causes pneumonia & chronic meningitis
pigeon droppings
has thick polysaccharide capsule (inhibits phagocytosis)
dx india ink stain of CSF (pictured)
in brain: "soap bubble lesions"
Cryptococcus gattii
US Pacific NW, Australia and New Zealand
dx with culture on CGB agar to differentiate from C. neoformans
Mucor and Rhizopus
broad, non-septate hyphae
invades paranasal sinus
black necrotic eschar
tx surgical debridement
Sporothrix schenekii in its cutaneous form
Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis for 6 months
Coccidodes immitis (valley fever)
Itraconazole would be best indicated to use in cases of...
Tinea versicolor caused by M. furfur
Topical azole would be most effective against
Tinea nigra caused by H. wenekcii
Miconazole would work well for
Amphotericin B and Flucytosine
When treating the Cryptoccus neoformans what drugs would be most effective for both species we know of?
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