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NDHBE Community Health

Terms in this set (37)

Examples of federal agencies involved with community health.
Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of Atlanta, Georgia
Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)
National Institute of Health (NIH)
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
Prevalence
refers to the estimated population of people who are managing a disease at any given time
Incidence
the annual diagnosis rate or the number of new cases of a particular disease diagnosed each year
Endemic
Continuing problem involving normal disease prevalence; the expected number of cases native to a population or geographic area
Epidemic
A disease of significantly greater prevalence than normal (more than the expected frequency); rapid spread of a disease through a population
Morbidity
Presence or extent of disease, injury, or disability in a defined population
Basic screening
Rapid assessment, accomplished with a tongue blade, dental mirror, and appropriate lighting
Epidemiologic examination
Detailed visual tactile assessment; accomplished with dental instruments and a light source, provides more detailed information than basic screening; differs from a clinical examination in that is does not involve a clinical diagnosis that results in a treatment plan
Sensitivity
The ability of a test to accurately identify the presence of a disease or condition when disease is, in fact, present
Specificity
The ability of a test to accurately identify the absence of a disease or condition
Classifications of Epidemiologic Research
...
Classifications of Epidemiologic Research - Descriptive
Involves description, documentation analysis, and interpretation of data to evaluate a current event or situation doesn't test hypothesis. Use: Survey
Classifications of Epidemiologic Research -Analytic(also called observational or developmental)
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RCI
Root caries index
SBI
sulcus bleeding index (scores 0-5)
GBI
simple, easy to measure of the presence or absence of bleeding (dichotomous measure); measured with the use is floos
EIBI
Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index. Simple, easy to implement a measure of presence or absence of bleeding (dichotomous measure); measured with the use of triangular interdental stimulator
PDI
Periodontal Disease Index measures the presence and severity of the periodontal disease. The 6 teeth scored (Ramfjord teeth) 3, 9, 12, 19, 25, 28) no longer recommend to use because gingivitis and periodontitis measured separately now.
Research Samples: Random sample
every element in the population has an EQUAL chance of being selected reduces the chance of-bias***; (Ex. Pick names out of a phone book)
Research sample: Stratified sample:
selecting an element according to certain subgroups; accomplished by selecting a proportionate number of participants from each subgroup for the sample (Ex. Identify all of the dental hygiene schools attending this Board review and select two members from each school)
Systematic sample
select every 'nth' to participate (Ex. Count offby 6 and then form groups based on like numbers)
Judgment sample
someone familiar with the population selects the sample; HIGH chance of bias!!! (Ex. Your class president selects fellow students to be in one of four table clinic groups)
Convenience sample:
sample group is chosen based solely on convenience (Ex. The first 10 people to walk through the door today were asked to fill out a questionnaire)
Descriptive Statistics
Used to describe, present, summarize and organize numerical data· Measures of Central Tendency***
data matrix
arranges data scores from lowest to highest measures
Ungrouped scores:
Data is presented in ascending or descending order
along with the frequency ofeach score (Ex. Hatch marks***)
Cumulative scores:
frequency of occurrence of scores up to and including
any given value in the data set 92=2; 96=4; 2+4=6 (6 people scored 92 or higher on the exam)
Grouped scores:
grouping variables into consecutive intervals (Ex. Grading 91 to 96 =8 (8 people received above a 90 and received a grade of ' A')
Measures of Central Tendency
Frequency ofdistribution is plotted out on an x-y graph resulting in a pictorial
representation o f the data. the mean,
the median, and the mode
Mean
Add all the scores together and divide by the number ofscores
Median:
Divides the distribution o f scores into two equal parts. 50% ofthe scores will be above the median; 50% will be below
Mode: (BOARD F A VORITE!!!)
The MOST e uently occurring score within the data matrix. To calculate. smg an ungrouped tally system, identify the score that occurs
most often
Normal curve also known as 'Bell' or 'Gaussian')
the mean, median and mode are EQUAL!!!*****
Positive skew:
When more scores fall in the lower range
Negative skew
When more scores fall in the higher range
Correlation Co-efficient: Positive correlation:
as the value of x increases, the value of y increases; also, as the value of x decreases, the value of y decreases; reflects a DIRECT association between the variables (Ex. Themore garlic you eat, the more halitosis you will have)
Correlation Co-efficient: Negative correlation
as the value of x increases, the value of y decreases; also, as the value of x decreases, the value of y increases; the score on one scale predicts an opposite score on the other scale (Ex. The more you brush your tongue, the less halitosis you will have)
Verified questions
literature
What advice did Jacobs receive from her brother William?
Verified answer
question
For each of the following sentences, identify the mood of the italicized verb or verb phrase as *indicative,* *imperative,* or *subjunctive.* Tollie asked that her suggestion be *reconsidered*.
Verified answer
question
On the lines provided, rewrite the following possessive forms correctly. If an item is already correct, write $C$. Example 1.$\underline{\text{no one's sermon}}$ no ones' sermon $\underline{\phantom{\text{The horse with}}}$ 13. ones' time
Verified answer
question
Active and passive voice in the past perfect tense.
Verified answer