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Chapter 2 Lesson 1 & 3 & 4

Terms in this set (18)

Cell Theory
Says that living things are made of cells, the cell is the smallest unit of life, and cells come from pre-existing cells.
Macromolecules
formed when many small molecules join together
Water
70 percent of the body is made of this
Nucleic Acids
DNA and RNA
Proteins
long chains of amino acids, made by ribosomes
Lipid
a large macromolecule that does not dissolve in water, Examples include cholesterol, vitamin A and fats
Carbohydrates
energy storage compounds, examples include sugars and starches.
passive transport
movement of substances through a cell membrane without using energy
diffusion
the movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, (a type of passive transport)
osmosis
the diffusion of water molecules through a membrane
active transport
the movement of substances through a cell membrane by using energy
Endocytosis
a process in which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane
Exocytosis
a process in which a cell releases substances by surrounding it with the cell membrane.
Respiration
a series of chemical reactions in the mitochondria in which energy from food is broken down into usable energy called ATP
Glycolysis
the process by which glucose is broken down into smaller molecules in the cytoplasm
Fermentation
how cells obtain energy from food when oxygen levels are low
lactic acid
the waste product of fermentation, causes sore muscles
Photosynthesis
a series of chemical reactions that converts light energy into food-energy (glucose) and oxygen is given off, occurs in the chloroplast
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