Upgrade to remove ads
Only $2.99/month

Chapter 38 Test

Terms in this set (58)

a network of highways that connects the muscles and organs of the body through an extensive system of vessels that transport blood, a mixture of specialized cells and fluid.
Cardiovascular System
blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
arteries
tiny blood vessels that allow the exchange of gasses, nutrients, hormones, and other molecules in the blood
capillaries
blood vessels that varry the blood back to the heart
veins
a flap of tissue that ensures that the blood or fluid that passes through does not flow back
valve
collects and recycles fluids leaked from the cardiovascular system and is involved in fighting infections
lymphatic system
the liquid portion of blood
plasma
cells that carry oxygen
red blood cells
a condition in which the oxygen- carrying ability of the blood is reduced
anemia
cells whose primary job is to defend the body against disease
white blood cells
a fragment of a cell that is needed to form blood clots
platelets
a system used to classify human blood by antigens found on the surface of red blood cells
ABO blood group system
one of several blood-group antigens carried on the surface of red blood cells
Rh factor
chambers that receive blood returning to the heart
atria
thick-walled chambers that pump blood away from the heart
ventricles
one of the two large veins that carry blood from the body tissues of the heart
vena cava
the main artery in the body; it carries blood from the left ventricle to systemic circulation
aorta
arteries which carry freshly oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
coronary arteries
a mass of cardiac muscle that intiates and regulates contraction of the heard
sinoatrial
the force exerted by the blood as it moves through blood vessels
blood pressure
a series of pressure waves within an artery caused by the contractions of the left ventricle
pulse
occurs when an area of the heart muscles stops working and dies
heart attack
when an area of the brain dies the result is a...
stroke
a musuclar tube that goes from the noes and serves as a passageway for air and food
pharynx
from the pharynx, air continues onto a passageway for air called(also known as voice box)
larynx
from the larynx, the air passes into a long, straight tube in the chest cavity
trachea
the trachea divides into two smaller tubes that lead to the lung
bronchi
the smallest bronchioles end in clusters of air sacs where gases are actually exchanged
alveoli
a powerful muscle spanning the rib cage under the lungs, and it aids in respiration
diaphragm
The chamber of the heart that sens blood to the lungs
right ventricle*
the pacemaker of the heart is the
sinoatrial node
A disease in which the elastic fibers in the alveoli are destroyed is called
emphysema
Lymphatic Vessels...
return fluid to the blood
What type of blood contains A antibodies(but NOT B antibodies) in the plasma and lacks Rh antigens?
B negative*
Blood in the pulmonary veins is
oxygen-rich
The diaphragm contracts and the pressure in the chest cavity decreses during
exhalation
Breathing rate will automatically increase when
the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood increases
Which organ receives the richest oxygen supply from blood returning from the lungs?
heart
Gasses are exchanged between the blood and inhaled air in the...
alveoli
When the right ventricle contracts, it pumps blood to the...
lungs
Which antigens are on the red blood cells of a person with type O blood?
Neither A nor B antigens
What is included in plasma?
Water, metabolites and wastes, salts(ions), and proteins.
What is Hemoglobin
On the inside of a red blood cell, Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein that binds oxygen in the lungs and transports it to the tissues of the body.
True or False: Red blood cells do not have a nucleus and therefore cannot make proteins or repair themselves.
True
True or False: White blood cells are larger than red blood cells and contain nuclei.
True
Defensive proteins made by the immune system.
Antibodies
The right side of the heart...
receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and circulates it to the lungs, in the lungs, gasses are exchanged.
The left side of the heart...
receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and circulates it to the rest of the body.
Breathing is caused by...
pressure changes within the chest cavity
What is the most critical factor affecting a person's breathing rate and depth?
the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood
What are blood types defined by?
the presence or absence of complex carbohydrates on the surface of red blood cells
What are the three basic functions of blood?
Transportation, regulation, and protection.
Do humans have a closed circulatory system?
Yes
How many chambers does the human heart have?
4
What are three main parts of a closed circulatory system?
Heart, blood, blood vessels
How do pulmonary arteries differ from all other arteries of the body?
They're attached to the heart.
What is the membrane around the heart called?
endocardrum
Order of a drop of blood in the heart?
Vena Cava
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Arteries
To lungs
Pulmonary Veins
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Aorta
To body
YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE...