Principles of Infection Control egans ch 4

Refers to infections that develop in a patient during the course of medical treatment
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Refers to infections that develop in a patient during the course of medical treatment
Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI)
Hospital-onset infections are also called _____ infections
nosocomial
Eliminate the sources of infectious agents
Create barriers to their transmission
Monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of control
infection prevention
Three elements must be present for the transmission of infection within a health-care setting
Source,Route, host
caused by one's own endogenous flora
Autogenous Infection
Host factors that enhance susceptibility to infection:
Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (DM)
Extremes of age
Underlying acquired infection (HIV)
Iatrogenic immunodeficiency (chemotherapy)
Medical devices allow pathogens to increase the risk of infection by impeding local host defenses and providing biofilms that may facilitate adherence of pathogens
susceptible host
Incisions and radiation therapy impair defenses of the skin and organ space
susceptible host
Three Major Routes of Transmission of human pathogens in health care environments:
Contact (Direct and Indirect)
Droplet
Airborne
what is the most common type of trasmission
contact
occurs when a pathogen is transferred directly from one person to anotherdirectinvolves the transfer of a pathogen through a contaminated intermediate object or personindirectinanimate objects that may serve to transfer pathogens from one person to anotherfomitesexamples of fomites-----Generated when an infected individual discharges large contaminated liquid droplets into the air by coughing, sneezing, or talking Respiratory droplets are also generated during procedures such as suctioning, bronchoscopies, and cough inductionDroplet transmissionExamples of airborne transmissionMycobacterium tuberculosis Varicella (chickenpox) MeaslesN-95 respirator are required forairborne trasmissionkills bacteriabacteriocidalinhibit the growth of bacteriaBacteriostaticdestroys spores Spores are the dormant form of vegetative bacteria Highly resistant to physical and chemical influencesSporicidaldestroys virusesVirucidalDecontaminate equipment capable of spreading infection Involves cleaning, disinfection, and sterilizationSpecialized Equipment ProcessingHelp to keep the overall environment clean Achieved through sanitary laundry management, food preparation, and housekeepingGeneral Sanitation MeasuresA shared commitment to patient and health care worker safety Organizations endorse best practices Ensures the bedside caregiver has Appropriate time Equipment Trainingcreateing a safe culture