Envoirnmental Engineering Exam 1

What are the general units (mass, length, time, etc.) of "k" for a first order reaction?
a. mass
b. mass / concentration
c. concentration
d. volume / time
c. time^-1
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What are the general units (mass, length, time, etc.) of "k" for a first order reaction?
a. mass
b. mass / concentration
c. concentration
d. volume / time
c. time^-1
e. time^-1
Pollution entering a river is best stimulated using which type of reactor?
a. completely mixed batch reactor
b. completely stirred tank reactor
c. plug flow reactor
d. batch reactor
e. completely mixed flow reactor
c. plug flow reactor
The two fundamental topics which govern the movement of pollutants within an environmental system are:
a. the law of conservation of pollutants and environmental regulations
b. the law of conversation of mass and the law of conservation of energy
c. environmental regulations and economics
d. the law of conservation of mass and the periodic table of elements
e. the law of conservation of energy and gravity
b. the law of conservation of mass and the law of conservation of energy
the first step in a mass balance analysis is to
a. define any reactions occurring within the system
b. physically separate the are with construction fencing
c. calculate the system outputs
d. calculate the system inputs
e. define the control volume
e. define the control volume
which of the following properties is NOT included in a materials balance diagram?
a. accumulation
b. temperature
c. outputs
d. inputs
e. control volume boundary
b. temperature
By assuming steady state conditions, the materials balance equation can be simplified by:
a. removing the generation rate term
b. removing the decay rate term
c. removing the system outputs term
d. removing the accumulation rate term
e. removing the system inputs
...
By assuming that a substance is conservative, the materials balance can be simplified by:
a. removing the decay / generation rate terms
b. removing the control volume
c. removing the system outputs term
d. removing the system inputs term
e. removing the accumulation rate term
a. removing the decay / generation rate terms
Which of the following should not be modeled using a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR)?
a. A lake fed by a polluted stream with a sewage outfall
b. the air within a well-ventilated classroom
c. a pollutant being carried in the jet stream in the Earth's upper atmosphere
d. the water in a shallow pond with an inlet and outlet
e. a nightclub with smoking allowed indoors
A pollutant being carried in the jet stream in the Earth's upper atmosphere
Which of the following should not be modeled using a plug flow reactor (PFR)?
a. a conveyer belt carrying a single-file line of bottles with no mixing of the contents of one bottle with another
b. salmon migrating downstream to the sea
c. a nightclub with smoking allowed indoors
d. a pollutant being carried in a river
e. a pollutant being carried in the jet stream in the Earth's upper atmosphere
c. a nightclub with smoking allowed indoors
the residence time of the fluid within a control volume is given by
a. the PFR control volume (V) divided by the fluid flow rate (Q)
b. the fluid flow rate (Q) divided by the fluid velocity (v)
c. the PFR control volume (V) divided by the fluid velocity (v)
d. the fluid velocity (v) divided by the length of the PFR (l)
e. the fluid flow rate (Q) divided by the PFR control volume (V)
a. the PFR control volume (V) divided by the fluid flow rate (Q)
The balancing of equations so that the same number of each kind of atom appears on each side of the equation and the subsequent calculations, which can be used to determine amounts of each compound involved, is known as a. stoichiometry b. ionization c. chemical equilibria d. enthalpy e. reaction kineticsa. stoichiometrywhich of the following is not true regarding combustion reactions of hydrocarbons such as butane (C4H10)? a. the butane is oxidized b. a hydrocarbon reacts with carbon dioxide c. a product of the reaction is water d. a product of the reaction is carbon dioxide e. a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygenb. a hydrocarbon reacts with carbon dioxidewhen bacteria oxidize a substance by using it for food, the amount of oxygen required is known as a. oxidation constant b. biochemical oxygen demand c. molecular weight d. dissolved oxygen e. theoretical oxygen demandb. biochemical oxygen demandthe pH of a solution is calculated directly using: a. the square root of the hydrogen ion concentration b. the molecular weight of hydroxide c. the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration d. the molecular weight of hydrogen e. the negative log of the hydroxide ion concentrationc. the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentrationKsp is known as the a. special K value b. precipitation coefficient c. henry's law constant d. dissolution constant e. solubility producte. solubility productwhich acid base system controls pH in natural waters? a. phosphorus b. ammonia striping c. the hydrogen cycle d. the carbonate system e. the nitrogen cycled. the carbonate systemwhich of the following chemical species is not included in the carbonate system a. CO3^2- b. HCO3- c. H2CO3 d. CO2 (aq) e. NH3e. NH3which of the following is not a naturally occurring substance in the atmosphere which can impact the pH of rainwater? a. chlorofluorocarbons b. alkaline dust c. ammonia d. sulfer dioxide e. carbon dioxidea. chlorofluorcarbonswhich of the following the statements is not true about nitrogen? a. when organic matter decomposes, nitrogen is first released in the form of ammonia or ammonium ion b. nitrogen can be removed during wastewater treatment using a process known as ammonia stripping c. nitrogen is a nutrient that can degrade water quality by stimulating excessive algal growth in receiving bodies of water d. nitrogen in the form of nitrate can cause a potentially lethal condition known as methmoglobinemia e. nitrogen is not a chemical of concern when discussing water qualitye. nitrogen is not a chemical of concern when discussing water qualityKH is known as the: a. special K value b. Henry's Law constant c. precipitation coefficient d. solubility product e. dissolution constantb. henry's law constantthis type of growth occurs in any situation where the increase in some quantity is proportional to the amount currently present a. disaggregated growth b. half life c. exponential growth d. Gaussian Growth e. logistic growthc. exponential growthin the equation for exponential growth with continuous compounding the units for the proportionality constant r are a. concentration b. mass c. time^2 d. time e. time^-1e. time^-1the doubling time td is calculate by a. doubling the growth rate r b. dividing 70 by the growth rate r c. dividing 0.693 by the growth rate r d. dividing the growth rate r by 70 e. taking the natural log of the growth rate rb. dividing 70 by the growth rate rthe half life t1/2 is calculated by a. doubling the reaction rate coefficient k b. dividing the reaction rate coefficient k by 0.693 c. taking the natural log of the reaction rate coefficient k d. dividing 0.693 by the reaction rate coefficient k e. dividing 70 by the reaction rate coefficient kd. dividing 0.693 by the reaction rate coefficient kthe amount of time required for the quantity of a substance to decay from 100 mg/L to 50 mg/L is known as a. decay life b. half-life c. second life d. reaction rate coefficient e. doubling timeb. half-lifethe three simple factors that drive the environmental impacts of human activity are a. weather, affluence, technology b. population, weather, technology c. temperature, affluence, technology d. population, affluence, temperature e. population, affluence, technologye. population, affluence, technologyin the equation for exponential decay, the units for the reaction rate coefficient k are: a. concentration b. mass c. time d. time^-1 e. time^2d. time^-1the chapter presents a method to estimate future carbon emissions by disaggregating demand into 3 factors. according to that simplified model, which is not a way to reduce carbon emissions? a. increasing the amount of energy consumed per person b. increasing global population c. decreasing global population d. increasing renewable energy capacity such as wind and solar e. investing in energy efficient technology such as LED lightbulbsa. increasing the amount of energy consumed per person b. increasing global populationwhich factor is indicated by per capita energy demand? a. half-life b. affluence c. population d. doubling time e. technologyb. affluencewhich factor is indicated by the carbon emissions per unit of energy? a. half-life b. doubling time c. affluence d. population c. technologye. technology