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PEDS NOSE AND THROAT

Terms in this set (30)

Chonal atresia
Development failure of the nasal cavity to communicate with the nasal pharynx. Girls > Boys.
Can be unilateral or bilateral. Complete (bilateral) obstruction can lead to respiratory failure acutely s/p birth. Infants with this can develop
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Confirm Diagnosis of Choanal Atresia
CT scan w/ intranasal contrast.
CT finding for Chonal Atresia
Management for Choanal Atresia
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Epistaxis more common in children?
Anterior epistaxis
Causes of anterior epistaxis in children?
Idiopathic ~ Nose picking, FB ~
Most anterior nosebleeds occur here
Kiesselbach plexus
Posterior epistaxis arteries
Sphenopalatine artery > Carotid Artery.
Educate parent on epistaxis
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Children under the age of 2 w/ family hx of bleeding... order what?
Full workup is needed by speacialist to rule out bleeind disorder
First line treatment for Epistaxis
Direct pressure applied at least 5-15 minute with the patient LEANING FORWARD to reduce vessel pressure. Vasoconstrictor Spray: Oxymetazoline.
Oxymetazoline (Afrin)
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Silver nitrate treatment for epistaxis MOA
Cautery. Usually minor bleeding and specific site is identified.
Lidocaine treatment for epistaxis
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Third line treatment active epistaxis
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Fourth line of treatment for active epistaxis
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Nose bleed is associated with a mucopurulent discharge. Foul odor. Nasal obstruction (mouth breathing).
Clinical presentation of nasal FB in pediatrics
Positive pressure technique
Patient blows his/her nose while occluding the nostril opposite
Most common rhinitis in pediatric population
Allergic
Most common type overall - IgE mediated mast cell histamine release due to allergens (pollen, mold, dust)
Allergic Rhinitis
Most common infectious cause of infectious rhinits
Rhinovirus
RASY (radioallergosorbent test)
Diagnostic for Allergic Rhinits
Treatment for allergic rhinitis
First line: Intranasal
Nonallergic and noninfectious
dilation of the blood vessels (temperature change, strong smells, humidity)
Vasomotor Rhinits
rhinitis medicamentosa
rebound nasal congestion commonly associated with overuse of over-the-counter nasal decongestants
8 y/o female presents to pediatricion office w/ father c.o runny nose for 2 days w/ cough and fever. Temp at home was 100.4, resolved with iburpf.
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Small painful, shallow round or oval shallow ulcer (yellow or grey central exudate with erythematous halo)
Aphthous ulcer
First line trx for Aphthous Ulcer
Triamcinolone
Centor Criteria
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