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Movement analysis

Terms in this set (21)

movement phases
all movement phases are broken down into five phases-stance phase, preparatory phase (i.e. wind-up), execution phase, follow-through phase, and recovery phase
While conducting analysis of a movement skill the performer's motions at each critical joint should be
evaluated several times. As part of the planning for this observation notation needs to be made of the joints to view and what viewing angles would be the best for each joint.
stance phase
allows the performer to maintain good contact with the ground and set their body in a stable position to begin the next phase of the movement. The critical joints of the body are set in a position to efficiently carry out the next move.
preparatory phase
the joint motion prepares the body for the next movement by loading the muscles that will be used to perform the movement. This could be considered like the wind-up as in pitching or the back swing as in golf. The preparatory phase puts the performer in position to perform the skill. This position may or may not be completely stable.
execution phase
With the performer in position from the first two phases the execution phase is the critical event of the skill. The stored up energy is summated and released in an explosion of power. The result of the execution is highly dependent on the first two phases.
follow through phase
allows for the performer to maintain body position and equilibrium and to dissipate the forces left over from the execution. It also provides a good transition to the final phase of the movement
recovery phase
allows them to get into a stable position to be ready for what is to come
movement analysis: quantitative if
any of its elements is quantified or measured (described by numbers). This type of analysis is usually done with elite athletes using very sophisticated equipment
-An average coach, teacher, or trainer may do a limited quantitative analysis using tools like a stopwatch, ruler, and goniometer.
movement analysis: qualitative analysis is
where the mechanical aspects of the performance are described subjectively. The descriptors faster, slower, higher, lower, shorter, longer, larger, smaller, and so on may be used to describe the performance. Visual observation (either direct or through video) is used for most qualitative analysis
The first step of making qualitative analysis of a movement skill is
description-describe the skill as a skilled performer might perform it. By observing a skilled performer either by direct observation, by video, or on a Web site
description is used for
analysis of your subjects. From this description you will be able to define a plan on how to observe your subject. This plan will include the joints to observe and the viewing angles needed to view those joints most effectively.
the second step of making qualitative analysis of a movement skill is
observation-Observe the performance of your subject to determine what their performance looks like. Using the plan you developed in the first step the data on the subject's movements can be recorded to be used in the next step
the third step of making qualitative analysis of a movement skill is
evaluation-Compare the performance of your subject to the ideal performance created in step one. Use the plan that you developed to define a list of errors that you observe in your subjects performance as compared to the ideal.
Once the errors in the performance are identified, they need to be
categorized as to how they affect the performance and their likelihood of causing injuries. Develop a plan to help the subject correct the errors. The plan should include the activities needed to correct the errors.
the fourth step of making qualitative analysis of a movement skill is
feedback-Instruct the subject on the plan that you developed to correct the errors that you discovered. To do this you need to communicate to the subject what was done incorrectly, what the ideal performance looks like, and what needs to be done to bring the performance toward the ideal.
observation skills: one of the best ways to observe a moment is through
video, The video allows you to observe the movement many times and, with modern equipment, observe it at different speeds including stop motion.
video: videoing the performance from all views shows
the joints that need to be analyzed. Use the plan defined during the description of the movement. The subject should wear minimal clothing to allow viewing of the joints needed for analysis
example of video tip
if you are observing the hip and knee action it would not be suitable for the subject to be wearing baggy sweats. Joint centers should be marked with colored dots so the joint action can be viewed accurately
view: start by Viewing the video of the skill many times at various speeds. Make an overall assessment of the movement and rate the performance and
Break the movement into phases and assess each phase again at various speeds. Draw stick figures of the key parts of the movement and compare to the ideal. Stick figures are drawn from stop motion views using the marked joint centers.
For the stick figures and contour drawings to be accurate the camcorder position and subject position must be
constant, When using the Dartfish system or any other video system a view of the subject standing up is needed as well as the subject's height.
camcorder position
The iPad may be mounted on a tripod to control the position and maintain a fixed location on the video. If multiple sessions are expected the positions of the tripod legs and the subjects position should be marked with masking tape, etc.
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