ES3 IQWST Earth Science

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Volcanoes
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Terms in this set (31)
Volcanoes
A mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth's crust
Image: Volcanoes
Tectonic plates
Large masses of Earth crust that moves, floats, and sometimes fractures and whose interaction causes continental drift, earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains, and oceanic trenches
Image: Tectonic plates
Continental drift
The gradual movement of the continents across the earth's surface through geological time
Image: Continental drift
Ring of Fire
An area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur
Image: Ring of Fire
Magma
Hot fluid or semifluid material below earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed by cooling
Image: Magma
Pangaea
A hypothetical supercontinent that included all current land masses, believed to have been in existence before the continents broke apart during the Triassic and Jurassic Periods
Image: Pangaea
Trench
Deep canyons in the ocean, found where an oceanic plate subducts under a continental plate.
Mid ocean ridge
Major mountain range found in the Atlantic ocean. New ocean floor is created here.
Image: Mid ocean ridge
Earthquakes
A sudden and violent shaking of the ground, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action
Image: Earthquakes
convection current
Causes tectonic plate movement by the cycling of magma under the Earth's crust as hot, soft, rock rises (less dense) and then once it is cooled it sinks (more dense)
Image: convection current
SubductionOccurs where one plate moves under another plate and is pushed down into the mantle, this phenomenon occurs at convergent boundaries involving at least one oceanic plate.Transform boundaryPlate boundary where the Interaction of two plates are sliding past each other; this boundary is often associated with earthquakesDivergent boundaryPlate boundary where two plates are pulling away from each other, and often this boundary is associated with trenches and mid ocean ridgesConvergent boundaryPlate boundary where the interaction of two plates are moving towards each other.hotspotCreates volcanoes in the middle of tectonic plates.Oceanic crustThinner, denser, crust made from intense pressure.Continental crustThicker, less dense crustLaw of Conservation of MatterMatter cannot be created or destroyed but can be transformed.Recyclinga continuous process by which rocks are created, changed from one form to another, destroyed, and then formed again.convergent boundaryAn interaction where 2 continental plates are moving towards each other. The plates crumple and fold, creating tall mountains.seafloor spreadingThe formation of new ocean crust as a result of magma pushing upward and outward from Earth's mantle to the surface.Pangeaterm for the super continent which contained all the plates togetherfaultA break in the earth's crustviscousthick and adhesive, like a slow-flowing fluidInterferometrya technique that can highlight shifts in elevation of volcanoes over timeSeismologistA scientist who studies earthquakesSeismiccaused by or having to do with earthquakestomographyA method that makes 3D images of the inside of a structure of a solid objectphenomenonan observable fact or eventElevationthe height something is raised especially above the ground or seasesimographA device that measures and records shaking within the Earth and ground

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