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EXAM 1

Terms in this set (112)

Santiago Ramon y Cajal
father of neuroscience, neuron doctrine, artist and doctor, drew neurons
Types of Neurons
-Dorsal Root Ganglion (Spinal)
-Motor (Spinal)
-Pyramidal (Hippocampal)
-Purkinge (Cerebellum)
Types of Glia Cels
-Astrocyte
-Oligodendrocyte
-microglial
Neurons
-Electrically excitable cells that transmit information through chemical and electrical signals
-diverse morphology and functions
-by and large it is accepted that most neurons do not have the capability to divide (makes brain injuries hard to treat)
-significant implications for treatment of CNS disorders
-Brain changes are achieved not through increasing numbers of neurons but by strengthening communication between neurons (neuroadaptation or neuroplasticity)
Components of Neurons
Soma, Axon, Dendrites
Soma
Cell body, normal cell functions take place
Dendrites
Fine processes that extend from the cell body and receive and integrate input from other sources/neurons
Axon
Conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron to spread to the next neuron
Dendritic Spines
tiny nodules of various shapes that are located on the surfaces of many dendrites and are the sites of most excitatory synapses in the mature mammalian brain
Astryocytes (Astroglia)
-Comprise 25-50% of the brain volume
-contain a unique filamentous protein (GFAP)
-provide a scaffold early in development along which neurons migrate to their intended locations
-provide structural support to the brain
-clear transmitters from synapse during synaptic transmission
-contribute to neuronal conduction
-part of BBB
-Involved in CNS diesease
Microglia
-Resident immune cells of the CNS
-Related to peripheral macrophages
-Respond to insult and injury with changes in morphology and increase in number (release cytokines)
-important for tissue defense and repair
-excessive activation can be deleterious
-contributes to neurodegeneration
-involved in CNS disease
Olidodendrocytes
-produce myelin and ensheath axons
-in CNS
-Several myelin sheaths
Schwann Cells
-produce and ensheath acons with myelin
-in PNS
-one myelin sheath
Myelin
-proteins and phospholipid mixture that forms an insulating sheath around many nerve fibers. This sheath increases the speed of nerve impulses
-Myelination increases the membrane resistance of the axon --> faster conduction velocity
Gray matter
neuronal cell bodies
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