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Human Growth and Development chapter 1: theories in research

Terms in this set (25)

Central to Jean Piaget's theory is the____________
biological concept of adaptation
Jean Piaget emphasizes a child's ability to reach_________________
equilibrium

(accommodation, assimilation)
Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development deal with the way individuals ______________ and _______________
reason and develop the ability to reason
What are the Cognitive Stages of Development?
1. Sensorimotor
2. (birth to two years)
Preoperational Thought (two to seven years)
3. Concrete Operational Thought
(seven years to eleven years)
4. Formal Operational Thought
(eleven years +)
Ecological Systems Theory considers a person's____________
context
views the person as developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment
Ecological Systems Theory
observation of behavior in natural contexts
naturalistic observation
observation of behavior in a laboratory, where conditions are the same for all participants
structure observation
flexible interview procedure where the investigator obtains a complete account of participants thoughts
clinical interview
self- report instruments where each participant is asked the same questions in the same way
structure interview, questionnaire, test
full picture of individuals psychological functioning obtained by combining interviews, observations, and test scores
case study
participant observation of a culture or distinct social group. By making extensive field notes, the researcher tries to capture the cultures unique values and social processes
ethnography
Pros and cons of naturalistic observation
pro- reflects everyday lives

con- can't control conditions where participants are observed
Pros and cons of structured observation
pro- participants have equal opportunity to display behavior

con- does not represent typical behavior of everyday life
Pros and cons of clinical interview
pro- comes as close as possible to how participants think in everyday life
- get lots of info in short time

con- people may misreport
- makes comparing results hard
Pros and cons of structure interview, questionnaire, test
pro- easy to compare data
- efficient data collection
- Researchers can specify answer alternatives

con- possibility of inaccurate reporting
- does not give as much depth
Pros and cons of case study
pro- provides rich, descriptive insights into factors that affect development

con- may be biased to researchers theoretical preferences
- findings can't be applied to anyone else besides the participant
Pros and cons of ethnography
pro- provides more complete description

con- May be biased to researchers values and theoretical preferences
- findings can't be applied to people in other settings
Correlational study cannot establish cause and effect only _______________
relationship
perfect positive/ negative correlation
r = 1/ -1
high positive/ negative correlation
r = 0.8/ -0.8
low positive/ negative correlation
r = 0.3/ -0.3
no correlation
r = 0
way to prevent bias where individuals are randomly assigned to a condition
random assignment
3 Types of research design
1. longitudinal
● Same group at varying points in time
2. Cross Sectional
● Different age groups at one time
3. Sequential
● Several similar longitudinal or cross sectional studies at the same time called sequences
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