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Automotive Systems

Terms in this set (21)

Basic Engine
•Gasoline engines most common in passenger cars
•Uses a spark ignition system
•Combined with electric motors in hybrid vehicles
Cylinder Block
•Made from cast iron or aluminum
•Contains the crankshaft, pistons, and connecting rods
•Forms the lower half of the engine
Cylinder Head
•Mounts on top of engine block
•Made of cast iron or aluminum
•Contains camshaft and valves
•Has intake and exhaust manifolds attached
Pistons, Rods, and Crankshafts
•Pistons and rods convert linear reciprocating motion into rotary motion at the crankshaft
•Pistons use aluminum alloys
Valve Train
•Opens and closes the intake and exhaust valves
•Overhead valves, overhead cam, and dual overhead cam designs are common
Intake Manifold
•Intake supplies air into the engine
•Contains throttle body, and intake manifold runners
•Some engines have an upper and lower intake manifold
Exhaust Manifold
•Removes exhaust gases from the engine
•Directs hot exhaust gas away from cylinder head and valves
•Bolted to cylinder head
•Made of cast iron or steel
Lubrication System
•Supplies clean oil to various parts of the engine
•Removes heat from combustion
•Removes combustion by-products
•Filters oil
Cooling System
•Removes heat from combustion
•Maintains proper engine operating temperature
•Supplies heat for passenger compartment
Fuel and Air System
•Fuel system stores and supplies fuel to the engine
•Contains fuel tank, pump, and filter
•Fuel is injected into engine by fuel injectors
•Air intake system supplies filtered air to the engine
•Air is drawn into the cylinder and mixed with fuel for combustion
Emission Control System
•Emission control system reduces the amount of harmful exhaust emissions
•Emission control began in 1960s
•Fuel filler cap, catalytic converter, EGR valve, and PCV valve are emission control devices
Exhaust System
•Directs exhaust away from passenger compartment
•Removes heat from cylinder head
•Reduces exhaust noise
Ignition system
•Must ignite the air/fuel mixture a precisely the correct time
•Boosts battery voltage to 20,000 - 40,000 volts
•Changes spark timing based on engine load, speed, and other factors
Starting and Charging System
•Electric motor converts stored energy into motion
•Generator converts movement into electrical energy
•Starter motors and generators can be conventional 12v or part of hybrid motor/generator assembly
Electronic Engine Control System
•Electronic control module receives input from various sensors
•The module determines necessary actions based on input and programming
•The module controls output devices to manage engine and vehicle operation
On-Board Diagnostics
•Current on-board diagnostic system, OBD II, monitors engine exhaust emission levels
•If emissions exceed 150% of the federal test limit, the malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) is turned on
•OBD III may incorporate remote vehicle emission tests
Heating System
•Uses coolant heated by the engine to warm the passenger compartment
•Thermostat maintains minimum system temperature
Air Conditioning
•The A/C system removes heat and moisture from the passenger compartment
•The A/C compressor can be belt driven or electric on a hybrid vehicle
Drive Train Components
•Driveline-Connects the engine and transmission to the rear axle
•Differential-Allows wheels to rotate at different speeds during cornering•Drive Axles-Transmits power to the wheels
•Transaxle-Combines the transmission and differential in one unit
•Four-Wheel Drive System-Combines features of rear
-wheel drive and front wheel drive-4WD systems use a transfer case to split torque between front and rear differentials-Some 4WD systems allow low gear operation to increase torque at the expense of speed-AWD systems used for increased traction and not intended for off-road use
Running Gear Components
•Suspension System-Supports the body, frame, engine, and drivetrain
•Steering System-Allows the driver to control the direction of the vehicle
•Brakes-Allow the vehicle to slow down and stop
•Wheels and Tires-Provide vehicle contact to the road
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs)
•HEVs use one or more electric motors and an internal combustion engine (ICE) to propel the vehicle
•HEVs recapture braking energy to recharge the high-voltage batteries
•The high-voltage batteries pose a significant safety hazard if proper precautions are not followed
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