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Cranial Nerves

Terms in this set (12)

Olfactory Nerve (I)
Function: Special sensory, smell
Origin:Receptors of the olfactory epithelium
Passes Through: Cribriform plate of the ethmoid
Destination: Olfactory bulbs
Optic Nerve (II)
Function: Special sensory, vision
Origin: Retina of the eye
Passes Through: Optic canal of sphenoid
Destination: Diencephalon by way of the optic chiasm
Oculormotor Nerve (III)
Function: Motor, eye movements
Origin: Mesencephalon
Passes Through: Superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid
Destination: All eye muscles EXCEPT superior oblique and Lateral rectus (Somatic motor: superior, inferior and medial rectus muscles, inferior oblique muscle and levator palpebrae superioris muscles)
Visceral motor: intrinsic eye movements
Trochlear Nerve (IV)
Function: Motor, eye movements
Origin: Mesencephalon
Passes Through:Superior orbital fissure of sphenoid
Destination: superior oblique muscle
Trigeminal Nerve (V)
Function: MIXED sensory and motor; opthalmic and maxillary branches sensory, mandibular branch mixed
Origin:
Ophthalmic branch- sensory- orbital structures, nasal cavity, skin of forehead, superior eyelid, brow and part of nose
Maxillary branch- sensory- inferior eyelid, upped lip, gums, teeth, cheek, nose, palate, and part of pharynx
Mandibular branch- mixed- sensory from lower gums, teeth and lips, palate and tongue. Motor from motor nuclei of pons
Passes Through:
Ophthalmic branch- superior orbital fissure of sphenoid
Maxillary branch- foramen rotundum
Mandibular branch- foramen ovale
Destination: ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular (sensory) branches to sensory nuclei of the pons
Mandibular (motor) branch- innervates muscles of mastication
Abducens Nerve (VI)
Function: motor, eye movements
Origin: Pons
Passes Through: Superior orbital fissure of sphenoid
Destination: Lateral rectus muscle
Facial Nerve (VII)
Function: MIXED, sensory and motor
Origin:
Sensory- from taste receptors on the anterior 2/3 of tongue
Motor- from motor nuclei of pons
Passes Through: Internal acoustic meatus of temporal bone, along facial canal to reach stylomastoid foramen
Destination:
Sensory- to sensory nuclei of pons
Somatic motor- muscles of facial expression
Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII)
Function: Special sensory, balance and equilibrium (Vestibular) and hearing (cochlear)
Origin: Receptors of the inner ear (Vestibule and Cochlea)
Passes Through: Internal acoustic meatus of the temporal bone
Destination: Vestibular and cochlear nuclei of pons and medulla oblongata
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)
Function: MIXED, sensory and motor
Origin:
Sensory- from posterior 1/3 of tongue, part of pharynx, and palate, carotid arteries of the neck
Motor- from motor nuclei of medulla oblongata
Passes Through: Jugular foramen between occipital and temporal bones
Destination: Sensory fibers to sensory nuclei of medulla oblongata
Somatic motor- pharyngeal muscles involved in swallowing
Visceral motor- parotid salivary gland, after synapsing in the otic ganglion
Vagus Nerve (X)
Function: MIXED, sensory and motor
Origin:
Visceral sensory- from pharynx, auricle, external acoustic meatus, diaphram and visceral organs in thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Visceral motor- from motor nuclei of medulla oblongata
Passes Through: Jugular foramen between occipital and temporal bones
Destination:
Sensory fibers to sensory nuclei and autonomic centers of medulla oblongata
Somatic motor- to muscles of the palate and pharynx
visceral motor- to respiratory, cardiovascular, and digestive organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities
Accessory Nerve (XI)
Function: Motor
Origin: Motor nuclei of spinal cord and medulla oblongata
Passes Through: Jugular foramen between occipital and temporal bones
Destination: Internal branch innervates voluntary muscles of palate, pharynx, larynx; external branch controls sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)
Function: Motor, tongue movements
Origin: Motor nuclei of the medulla oblongata
Passes Through: Hypoglossal canal of occipital bone
Destination:Muscles of the tongue
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