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Anatomy Andy board

Terms in this set (174)

Which muscle shift the mandible to the side of the face?

Lateral Pterygoid

The maxillary teeth, buccaneers gingiva and pulp of molars are innervated by which cranial nerve?

The submandibular gland which lies superior to the di gastric muscles, and divide into superficial and deep lopes, are separated by the mylohyoid muscle. It produces serous type secretion only from stensen's duct.

The first statement is true, second is false

All but which of the following contain taste buds?

a. Foliate
b. Filiform
c. Fungi form
d. Circumvallate
e.foliate lingual

Major branches of the maxillary artery include all but which of the following ?
a. Infraorbital
b. Inferior alveolar
c. Superior thyroid
d. Greater palatine
e. Posterior superior alveolar

a. Superior thyroid

The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain. This gland is responsible for thyroid glands and metabolism as well as water /salt concentration at the kidneys, temperature regulation and pain relief.

Both statements are true

Eventually in tooth development the condensation of ectomesenchymal cells will form the dental sac which will develop into which of the following?
A.PDL
B. Pulp
C. Dentin
D.enamal

Which of the following arteries carries deoxygenated blood?
A. Facial
B.lingual
C.maxillary
D.pulmonary
E.superior thyroid

T lymphocytes mature in which of the following?
A.bone
B.thyroid gland
C.thymus gland
D. Pituitary gland
E.parathyroid gland

Which of the following teeth may exhibit a cusp of carabelli?
A. Maxillary 1st molar
B. Maxillary premolar
C. Maxillary 2nd molar
D. Mandibular 2nd molar

A. Maxillary 1st molar

Rest of molassez can develop into cyst and formed from which of?

Hertwig's epithelial root sheath

All of the following are muscles of mastication except for which?
A.massester
B. Buccinator
C.temporalis
D.lateral pterygoid
E.medial pterygoid

Which primary teeth erupts first?

Mandibular incisors

In a patient that grinds which of the following muscles will be prominent?

Which of the muscles retract the tongue?

All of the following are branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve expect?
A. Lingual
B. Masseteric
C.deep temporal
D.inferior alveolar
E.superior alveolar

E.superior alveolar

The mandibular division (v3) of the trigeminal nerve exits which of ?

Hypomobility, due to a loss of elasticity of the masticatory muscles or TMJ ligaments is known as trismus. Trismus results in dislocation of both joints.

The first statement is true; the second is false.

Each of the following triangle is in the posterior triangles of the neck except one.?
a. carotid
b.occipital
c.subclavian
d.none of the above

The lymphatics draining the mandibular incisors usually empty directly into which of the following nodes?
a.facial
b. parotid
c. submental
d. deep cervical
e.submandibular

which nerve innnervates the muscles of facial expression?

the rests of malassez are located where?

the contraction is toward the origin, the least moveable

where the muscle attaches to the more movable structure

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

tilts and rotates the head and neck,
innervateion: XI, accessory

lifts and rotates the shoulders
dorsal flexion of the head
twist head

orbicularis oris

closing and pursing lips

flattens cheek
assisting in chewing
assists the muscles of mastication

smiling and raising upper lip

Levator anguli oris

Depressor anguli oris

muscle of Mastication

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial Pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid
innervation: V,III, blood supply by maxillary artery( external carotid artery

Suprahyoid group

digastric(V3,VII), mylohyoid(V3), geniohyoid(XII), stylohyoid(VII)

make up floor of the mouth

Suprahyoid group

infrahyoid group

omohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid

infrahyoid group

Swallowing and speak

muscle of pharynx

Speaking, swallowing, middle ear function

Intrinsic muscle

Shape the tongue
innervate: hypoglossal nerve(XII)
blood supply: lingual artery

Extrinsic Muscles

Genioglossus, styloglossus, hyoglossus
innervation: XII
blood supply: Lingual artery

red in color
contain the taste bud

circumvallate papillae

contain taste buds; V-shape in back of tongue
associated with Von EBner's gland

filiform papillae

sharp with no taste buds

styloglossus muscle

retracts tongue

genioglossus muscle

protrudes tongue

hypomobility of the TMJ from trauma, disease, bruxism
cause by contraction of the muscles of mastication(lockjaw)

dislocation of both joints cause by opening the mouth too wide

pulmonary artery

Carries deoxygentated blood from the right heart to the lungs

pulmonary veins

carry the oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart

what is order of the heart

SA node, Atrial, AV node, Ventrical

The Internal Jugular vein

drains the brain

the external Jugular

receives blood from scalp and parts of face

Ptyergoid plexus of veins

form Maxillary vein
Drain the PSA and IA veins

PSA block anesthetizes result:

a hematoma
spread of infection along the needle tract into tissues

endocrine gland which secretes thyroxine that stimulates metabolic rate and protein synthesis

parathyroid glands

endocrine gland that secretes parathyroid hormone to regulate Calcium and phosphorus levels

endocrine gland that develops T-cells lymphocytes.

pituitary gland

-master gland
-protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain
-help control: growth, BP, Pregnancy, sex function, thyroid gland, metabolism, water.salt kidney, temperature regulation and pain relief.

largest salivary gland
stensen's duct
innervate: IX( glossopharyngeal)
drain: into the deep parotid lymph nodes
blood supply: external carotid artery

submandibular gland

second largest salivary gland
wharton's duct
involve in salivary stone information.

sublingual gland

smallest salivary gland
Bartholin's duct
known as Rivinus ducts
both ducts are empty at caruncle

Von Ebner's gland

-Found in a trough circling the circumvallate papillae on -the dorsal surface of the tongue
-secrete a purely serous fluid that begins lipid hydrolysis.
-facilitate the perception of taste through secretion of digestive enzymes and proteins.

sulcus terminalis

separation of 1/3 posterior tongue and 2/3 anterior tongue.

anterior 2/3 of tongue innervation

the lingual nerve(v3) and the chorda tympani

1/3 posterior tongue

IX( glossopharyngeal)

Central Nerve System (CNS)

cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord

peripheral nervous system(PNS)

Nerve ganglion, nerve, afferent(sensory),efferent(motor),

sensory nerve from PNS to brain and spinal cord

carries away from brain and spinal cord to the PNS.

superior orbital fissure, first division

foramen rotundum, second division

Foramen Ovale to Infratemporal fossa, third division

The trigeminal ganglion is a sensory of the nerve of V occupies?

Lymphadenopathy

the change of lymph nodes in size, consistency, small, soft and mobile

submandibular lymph nodes

collect from Maxillary anterior, premolar, first and second molars
mandibular canines, premolars, and molars
*the cheeks, the upper lip, the body of the tongue, the anterior hard palate, all teeth except the mandibular incisors, and maxillary third molars.

deep cervical lymph nodes

hard and soft palate
maxillary 3rd molars

no muscle fiber is maxillary

Hyperdontia/Supernumerary teeth

extra teeth in the mouth

extra teeth in the middline between maxillary anterior incisors

missing one or more teeth

- Smaller than normal tooth
- Occurs most commonly on maxillary laterals, (Peg Lateral)

one single tooth that attempts to form two teeth

tooth within a tooth

abnormal crown or root

Hutchinson's incisors

appearance of syphilis

mulberry molars

shaped molars associated with congenital syphilis

Enamal dysplasia/ hypoplasia

white spotting of enamel surface

2nd mandibular premolar

3 cusp. no functional

Cusp of Carabelli

maxillary first molar

most prominent CEJ

central incisor maxillary

Lateral incisor maxillary

may have palatogingival groove and considered a carious development pit or surface.

first premolar maxillary

has 2 roots
bifurcation

second premolar maxillary

1st molar maxillary

palatal root is the longest

second molar maxillary

usually most seen in furcation areas

central and lateral incisors

narrow facial and lingual surfaces , frequently have very shallow root concavities on proximal of the surface

Canine Mandibular

may have root apex that is bifurcated into a facial and lingual root.

First Molar (Mandibular)

furcation on facial and lingual
facial concavity before furcation just below the CEJ.
cervical enamel projections maybe present

3rd molar - mandibular

fused or dilacerated( sharply bended)

cell membrane or plasma membrane

the cell's internal sub-structures

DNA replication and transcription(RNA synthesis).

Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Rough ER: protein synthesis and Smooth ER: steroid and detoxification.

Golgi apparatus

processes and packages proteins

digestive enzymes

organizes and maintains the cell's shape

results in two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parents

division of sex cells

1st stage of cell division /replication

striae of retzius

material covering the tooth root
it is mineralization is most like bone.

contain collagen fiber

fibroblast, odontoblast
the nerve plexus of raschkow( pain perception)
primary function to produce dentin

Stratified squamous epithelium, lines oral cavity
-Keratinized cells on superior surface of tongue and hard palate: regions of severe abrasion
-lining mucosa : non-keratinized which includes the buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, and alveolar mucosa
-specialized mucosa: taste buds on lingual papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue

Gingival tissue

connective tissue

non-keratinized

sulcular epithelium

is non-keratinized

junctional epithelium (JE)

The tissue that forms the base of the sulcus by attaching to the enamel of the crown near the CEJ

Periodontal Ligament (PDL)

The fibers that surround the root of the tooth. These fibers attach to the bone of the socket on one side and to the cementum of the root on the other side.
-Sharpey 's fiber
-sensory functions of pain and displacement sensitivity.

development of structure of the face and neck?

development of the human embryo includes:

ectoderm: skin, brain pigment cells
Mesoderm: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, caridac muscle, tublues cells of the kidney, red blood cells.

frontal process of maxilla

forehead and front bone

median nasal process

lateral nasal process

1st pharyngeal arch or mandibular arch

maxillary process: zygomatic bone, most of the maxilla, palate and upper lip

mandibular process: manuble, lower lip, anterior 2/3 of tongue (fall pharyngeal arches involved in tongue development)

muscles of mastication: mylohyoid muscle, anterior belly of digastric muscle, tensor veli palatini muscle, tensor tympani muscle

inverted by the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)

Meckel's cartilage

is the primordial structure for the mandible

2nd pharyngeal arch or hyoid arch

assists in forming the side and front of the neck

muscles of facials expression, stylohyoid muscles, posterior belly of digastric, stapedius muscle and auricular muscles

innervated by the Facial nerve (cranial nerve VII)

oral cavity, teeth, nerves,
first pharyngeal

Palatal Development

form between week 4-week 6

merging and fusion site

tooth development

all tooth formation is from ectomesenchyme

Differentiation of enamel organ into bell shape

cervial loop forming Hertwig's epithelial root sheath

maintain the shape of enamel

Rest of Malassez

enamel or dental organ

produces dentin and pulp

produce PDL,cementum,bone (all supporting structure of the tooth)

is an opening or window in the solid plate of compact.

*Cortical: compact bone; 80 % of skeleton, outer surface
Trabecular: spongy bone; 20% of skeleton, inside, supports outer cortical cone, faster turnover
*cancellous: located between the alveolar bone proper and the plates of cortical bone.
*The interdental septum: is bone located between the roots of adjacent teeth.
*Interradicular bone: located b/w the roots of the same tooth.

The fibrous connective tissue membrane covers outside of the bone is called?

purpose of the synovial membrane in the joint?

secretes synovial fluid

conduct impulses toward the cell body

conducts impulses away from the cell body

the body of the cell which contain the nucleus

plane of dissection

frontal plane: anterior and posterior
Sagittal plane: anteroposterior direction
Horizontal plane: superior and inferior portion
median planes: equal right and left

Muscle cells are called?

myocytes or muscle fibers

submental lymph nodes

drains both sides of the chin, the lower lip, the floor of the mouth, the apex of the tongue, the mandibular incisors.

mandibular incisors
associated with infection #24,#25

The facial lymph nodes

are superficial nodes located along the length of the facial vein and further in four subgroups: malar, nasolabial, buccal, mandibular,

Retropharyngeal lymph nodes

drain pharynx, palate, paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity

the 2 main pancrease hormon

Insulin: lower the blood sugar
Glucagon: raise the blood sugar

part of brain regulate the homeostasis?

the retromandibular vein

receives blood from the superfical temporal vein and facial vein
drains: external jugular

receives blood from the pterygoid plexus
drains: the retromandibular vein

the ophthalmic vein

drain: the tissue of the orbit
proceeds: into the facial vein

the Inferior Alveolar vein

Forms from the merging of its dental branches, alveolar branches, and mental branches in the mandible, where they
drain into the pterygoid plexus

The Inferior Alveolar artery

-is a branch of maxillary artery
-supplies the mandibular teeth, floor of the mouth, the mental region with blood.

the facial artery

supply the oral, buccal, zygomatic, nasal, infraorbital regions.

the lingual artery

- a branch of carotid artery
-supplies the tissue superior to hyoid bone, suprahyoid muscles and the floor of the mouth.

the pterygoid plexus

supplies the deep facial areas and the posterosuperior alveolar vein, the inferior alveolar vain

Mentalis muscle

raising chin and protruding lower lip

Risorius muscle

the corrugator supercilii

produces a frown

the levator anguli

produces a smile

The sublingual salivary gland

drained by the submandibular lymph node

the parotid salivary gland

drained by the superior deep cervical lymph node

the base of the tongue

drained by retropharyngeal lymph node

drained by deep parotid lymph node

drained by the submental lymph node