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L2

Terms in this set (39)

Why human is so successful?- background
global ____________ even though__________ __________ __________ compared to __________
global expansion
even though
short history, less athletic, fragile teeth, fragile digestion compared to squirrels
Global expansion
a _________ now occupies the entire planet
a tropical ape now occupies the entire planet
Why human is so successful? 1
Megafaunal extinction
Megafaunal extinction
In Australia and the Americas
Rapid human population growth -> extinction

In Australia, Giant Kangaroos, Rhino-like Marsupials, 1 tons of lizards

In North America, Horsem Camels, Elephants, sloth, beaver, saber-toothed tiger (15000 CE arrived-> 10,000 CE distinct)

Grizzly bear in less than 100 years
Human family tree(class, order family, subfamily)
mammals, primates, hominids(The great apes- 2 gorillas, 3 orangutans, 2 chimpanzees, 1 homo), hominins
Human survive because of genetic variance for human?

bigger -> greater range of responses
- but human__________ compared to __________
- some genes from fellow__________like__________- possibility of another case of ____________________ as no accepted theory for extinction of other hominins
- historical__________ has been proposed
bigger -> greater range of responses
- but human-less compared to chimp
- some genes from fellow hominins like Neanderthals and Denisovans
- possibility of another case of megafauna extinction as no accepted theory for extinction of other hominins
- historical bottleneck has been proposed
Human survive because of the our innate intelligence?


ex 3
no because of accumulative culture

1. The Burke - Willis Expedition in Austra
2. Christopher Mc Candless
3. Juana Maria:
The Burke - Willis Expedition in Austra
- Bake Nardoo cake - don't know how to cook properly
- deplete vitamin B1 via thiaminase, leading to severe disease (Beriberi)
- did not know aboriginal processing (원주민)
- only one soldier who join the local tribe survived
The Burke - Willis Expedition in Austra - after story
- Five mission fail - Burke did not change the marks
- Six mission - save King the young Irish soldier living with the Yandrawandha
- the two considered as heoroes of Australia
Christopher Mc Candless
- 1992: Alaska: starved to death, poisoned by local plants
Cultural success story
Juana Maria: lost woman of San Nicolas Island 18 years
Juana Maria - how she survived and died
- know all the culture of the tribe: hunted seals, birds, shellfish/built: house from whale bones/ wore: cape of cormorant feathers/ medicine: dried meats

- died : after rescued, infected by dysentery after 7 weeks by Santa Barbara Mission, no common language
Juana Maria - background story
Last member of her tribe, Nicoleno (last native speacker of the language)
/remaining tribe was evacuated(피난) by schooner(boat) from Santa Barbara Mission (storm)`
Dual- inheritance thoery

As a result _______
Combine with genetic evolution (gene -> behavior), cultural evolution (behavior -> gene)

As a result, change in population
Population thinking
the realization that evolution is change in a population
Culture
an emergent property of a popualation
Why dual- inheritance is important to human
human: more_______ _____ athan other species
Individual acquire a specific culture -> cumulative culture -> strong gene culture interaction

human: more accumulative culture athan other species
example of dual inheritance
skin and eye color (Henrich)
Why people have different eye and skin color
domestication of grain (cultural change) -> skin and eye color change (genetic change)
Sunlight makes
Vitamin D
UVB blocks
folate production -> fetal development, sperm production

more sun -> more melanin to protect skin
domestication of grains led to
humans becoming depedent on them
Northen diet
more grain, less fish also less sun
12k-6k years ago in norhtern Europe
change in skin and eye color
ligher skin capture, and increase
captured more UVC, increased Vit D production
side effect of lighter skin
reduced pigment in the iris, resulting in blue or green eyes
Dual- inheritance Theory
1. ______ can't be understood without _______
culture, population thinking
Dual- inheritance Theory
2. _______ makes it easy to link ______ and ______
population thinking, cultural, genetic evolution
Dual- inheritance Theory
3. _______ changes _______ in fundamental ways
culture, the nature of human evolution
Dual- inheritance Theory
4. ______ is a necessary part of _______ for _________
culture, the design problem, human psychology
Dual- inheritance Theory
5. _______ is an ultimate part of ________
culture, human behavior
Dual- inheritance Theory
6. _______ makes us _____
culture, odds
Is human culture unique? No
1. All animal species learn
2. Most species learn socially + It leads to cumulative culture that persist across generation
ex) honey bee, octopus, most of fish, birds, and mammals
3. Super social species
ex) songbirds, whales and dolphins , monkeys and apes
Culture
the learning and social transmission of knowledge and skills
Is human culture unique? Yes
1. Quantity of information (accumulated and transmitted)
2. How -> verbal language
Why humans cannot survive without social knowledge outside their culture? ex.
human does not have higher generalized intelligence
we need accumulative culture so survive
ex. lost European explorer
ex of using socially learning`
1. Capuchin Monkey: hammer to open nuts
2. common chimpanzee: different social, tools
3. Bottle-nosed Dolphins: mud nets as culture
4. Humpbacked whale: bubble nets as culture
Capuchin Monkey

how, who, where
How: food scarce -> need nuts -> use hammers
Who: only in one population
Where: edge of range (Brazil) , yet this species lives in neotropical forest(아프리카 대륙)
Common chimpanzee

2
1. different greeting ceremony
- A: arm over head
- Capuchin : pock eye
2. Hammer use
- idiosyncratic(특이한) distribution
- Absent even when nuts are present
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