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Gravity
Terms in this set (91)
Which of the following is an intracellular electrolyte?
a. K+
b. Cl-
c. Na+
d. Ca++
A. K+
When free fatty acids link together during frying, the oil becomes more viscous, more prone to foaming, and the oil quality decreases. This process is referred to as:
a. hydrogenation
b. retrogradation
c. polymerization
d. recrystallization
c. polymerization
Which of the following is focused on health promotion?
a. RDA
b. My Plate
c. NSLP
d. NFNS
b. My Plate
How would you interpret the following statement, "A blood glucose meter gives readings within a 5-point range every day for a month"
a. internally valid
b. reliable
c. sensitive
d. specific
b. reliable
What is the first step in the process of moving a nutrient through the GI tract?
a. ingestion
b. digestion
c. absorption
d. utilization
a. ingestion
Which of the following individuals is the most susceptible to vitamin A toxicity?
a. 28-year-old Hispanic male
b. 16-month-old African American female
c. 65-year-old African American male
d. 86-year-old Caucasian male
d. 86 year old Caucasian male
Wine, pickles, and yogurt are all example of fermented foods. During the process of fermentation, what substance is converted into acids, gases, or alcohol?
a. water
b. sugar
c. salt
d. soy
b. sugar
Adolescents are more likely to be influenced than any other age groups by which of the following?
a. TV commercials
b. nutrition education
c. social media
d. professional athletes
c. social media
Theo is a 23-year-old student in nutrition graduate school and he is studying for his final exam. He takes lots of notes, meets with a group of 5-6 classmates every weeknight to study, and reviews his notes while walking on the treadmill in the mornings. Which type of learner is Theo?
a. auditory
b. visual
c. introverted
d. kinesthetic
d. kinesthetic
Stacy is 5'5" and weighs 160lbs. If she were to get pregnant, how much weight should she gain during her pregnancy?
a. 25-35lbs
b. 11-20lbs
c. 15-25lbs
c. 28-40lbs
c. 15-25lbs
During food inventory, there are four #10 cans of applesauce reported. How many gallons of applesauce are there?
a. 3.25
b. 3.72
c. 13
d. 52
a. 3.25
(#10 can holds 13 cups)
What is the minimum number of additional competencies that ACEND requires a program to have to support its emphasis area?
a. 3
b. 5
c. 7
d. 10
c. 7
An after-school community nutrition program teaches ways to increase iron intake in children. What is the best way to evaluate the effectiveness of the program?
a. provide a food frequency survey of iron-containing foods every month and compare the results
b. measure the percentage of correctly identified iron-containing foods before and after the program
c. measure hgb levels of children before and after the program
d. distribute a post-test survey asking the participants to rank the effectiveness of the program.
c. measure hemoglobin levels of children before and after the program
Which of the following is not an example of an individual behavior determinant of health?
a. diet
b. HIV status
c. hand washing
d. physical activity
b. HIV status
What does the NND provide?
a. health status reports of individual states
b. dietary recommendations
c. nutrient content of foods
d. funding for nutrition policy
c. nutrient content of foods
(NND - National Nutrient Database)
The USDA grades produce as Many, Extra #1, #1, combination, and #2. These grades are based on all of the following characteristics except:
a. maturity
b. taste
c. firmness
d. color
b. taste
A 25-year-old man is 5'5", 150 lbs, and has a calculated BMR of 1,595 cals/day. During a follow-up assessment, the man states he drinks coffee and smokes cigarettes daily.
Should his BMR be adjusted? If so, what should his new BMR be?
a. No, it should not be adjusted
b. Yes, 1,915kcals/day
c. Yes, 1,675kcals/day
d. Yes, 1,754 kcal/day
d. yes, 1,754kcal/day
caffeine and smoking --> 7-15% increase in BMR
Which of the following grades of beef is not fit for human consumption?
a. commercial
b. choice
c. standard
d. select
a. commercial
What is the name of the thin film on the outside of the shell of an egg?
a. vitelline membrane
b. cuticle
c. chalaza
d. shell membrane
a. cuticle
The CDC chart item "stature/length for age" can be used to reflect which of the following?
a. distinguish between stunting and wasting
b. short-term nutritional status
c. short-term marker of growth
d. long-term nutritional status
d. long-term nutritional status
"Over time, spaghetti became widely accepted by Americans, and Italians began to eat cold cereal". Which value does the statement above reflect?
a. assimilation
b. cultural competence
c. cultual sensitivity
d. ethnocentrism
a. assimilation
In the aging process of fruit, enzymes cause chemical changes and starch changes to sugar. During this process, protopectin is converted to pectin, which is then converted to:
a. pectic acid
b. turgor
c. pectin acid
d. ethylene gas
a. pectic acid
A nutrition professor is teaching a class on Wednesday from 6-7pm with 55 graduate students. In the first 45 minutes, the professor is delivering a presentation on the metabolism of carbohydrates, and in the last 15 minutes the students are breaking up into small groups to answer five questions about carbohydrate metabolism. Which of the following is a disadvantage of the lecture-style format?
a. passive audience
b. time-consuming
c. difficult to provide complex information in a logical way
d. not effective for large groups
a. passive audience
A researcher wants to measure the viscosity of liquids that flow on a flat surface, using different levels of thickened beverages. Which measurement method would be most useful?
a. specific gravity
b. line-spread test
c. viscometer
d. penetrometer
b. line-spread test
How are water-soluble nutrients, such as vitamin C, absorbed?
a. passive diffusion
b. active transport
c. sodium pump
d. simple diffusion
a. passive diffusion
(nutrients attach to carriers and flow from high to low concentration and do not require energy)
Jane, a dietitian, works at a community health center and is starting a new education program. She has identified her target audience, the education needs of the center's clients, and has chosen the topic for the program. What is next in the education program development?
a. budget development
b. identify the scope of the program
c. secure funding
d. evaluate the program
a. budget development
What hormone releases glucose from liver glycogen?
a. insulin
b. epinephrine
c. glucocorticoids
d. glucagon
d. glucagon
Which of the following describes an objective measure of good quality custard?
a. high percent sag
b. taste
c. ratio of sugar to egg
d. low percent sag
a. high percent sag
A flavor enhancer is added to foods to enhance their flavor profile without adding a recognizable flavor of its own. Thus, it is detected at sub-threshold levels. Which is the following is an example of a flavor enhancer?
a. sugar
b. butter
c. honey
d. soy sauce
a. sugar
Metabolic acidosis may be caused by?
a. anxiety
b. CVA
c. uncontrolled diabetes
d. hyperventilation
c. uncontrolled diabetes
A school nutritionist has collected the BMIs of middle school students over the past year. What is the best way for the nutritionist to interpret and share her data?
a. line graph
b. histogram
c. pie chart
d. bar chart
b. histogram
Carla is a new professor who will be teaching her first Introduction to Nutrition course at a local community college this fall. Which of the following should she do to provide effective education in this setting?
a. establish a spacial relationship of less than 18 inches when giving instructions to students
b. use 10-point Arial test for written documents
c. write cognitive, affective, and psychomotor performance objectives
d. create lesson plans that are simple, repeat concepts, and use large visual models
C. write cognitive, affective, and psychomotor performance objectives.
The nutrition education goal of enhancing one's knowledge to improve diet and decrease the risk of developing chronic disease is most appropriate for what age group?
a. preschoolers
b. adults
c. adolescents
d. school-aged children
b. adults
How many mEq are in 1 gram of calcium?
a. 50mEq
b. 25mEq
c. 40mEq
d. 43.5mEq
a. 50 mEq
A recipe calls for two #3 cans of tomato sauce. How many cups of tomato sauce will this yield?
a. 5 3/4
b. 11 1/2
c. 10 1/4
d. 12
b. 11 1/2
Which of the following statements is an example of "change talk" in motivational interviewing?
a. "my work schedule makes it hard for me to change my medication regimen timing"
b. "I wish i could stick to my medication regimen"
c. "You want to change your medication regimen"
d. "Deciding to stick to your medication regimen shows how determined you are"
b. "I wish i could stick to my medication regimen"
change talk: client speech that favors movement towards a goal
Which statement best reflects a client who is in the precontemplation stage of change?
a. "I ate leftover sausage all last week and i knew i shouldn't because its a high-sodium food, but i got back to my low sodium diet again yesterday"
b. "I don't need diet education because i am going to eat what i want, whatever i want"
c. "I want to better control my heart failure, but i don't have the money to cook all my meals at home"
d. "Next time i go to the grocery store, I am going to start reading the nutrition labels for sodium content"
B. "I don't need diet education because i am going to eat what i want, whatever i want"
A pediatric patient is diagnosed with petechiae and poor growth rate. Which of the following foods should the patient add to his diet?
a. safflower oil
b. canola oil
c. salmon
d. walnuts
a. safflower oil
omega-6 deficiency, so add safflower or sunflower oil
In a healthy individual, what hormone is secreted when blood pressure is low?
a. parathyroid hormone
b. calcitriol
c. vasopressin
d. erythropoietin
c. vasopressin
vasopressin - elevates BP by increasing water reabsorption from the distal and collecting tubules
Bile salts are required for the absorption of which nutrients?
a. calcium, iron
b. Vitamins A, D, E, K
c. vitamins B1, B2, B12
d. intrinsic favor, vitamin B12
b. Vitamins A, D, E, K
During chronic nutrient deprivation, what is one way the body decreases BMR to conserve protein and bodily function?
a. becoming hyperthermic
b. becoming hypertensive
c. decreasing heart rate
d. increasing thyroid hormone secretion
c. decreasing heart rate
A dietitian is providing a newly diagnosed T2DM patient with diabetic education. In the first part of the session, the dietitian explains which foods will raise blood sugar and which will not, and gives examples of both types of foods. After the first part of the lesson, the dietitian asks the client to name one food that will raise blood sugar and one food that will not. What type of communication principle is the dietitian using?
a. establishing rapport
b. clarification
c. empathy
d. feedback
d. feedback
Which element of an egg helps the yolk act as an emulsifier?
a. lipoprotein
b. collagen
c. lecithin
d. myofibrils
c. lecithin
lecithin is a phospholipid that helps the egg yolk act as an emulsifier
How much daily fiber foes a 10-year-old require?
a. 26g
b. 1300 mg
c. 34g
d. 10g
a. 26g
26g - 9-13y/o females
31g - 9-13y/o males
Which of the following can your body manufacture from tryptophan, an essential amino acid?
a. tyrosine
b. glutamine
c. arginine
d. niacin
d. niacin
tryptophan is a precursor of niacin and serotonin
60mg of tryptopan = 1mg niacin
What is maltose made up of?
a. glucose and fructose
b. glucose, fructose, and galactose
c. glucose and galactose
d. glucose and glucose
d. glucose and glucose
John's food log shows he ate 1,900 calories yesterday. Of those calories, 800 came from carbohydrates and 66g came from fat. How many grams of protein did Joh consume yesterday?
a. 506
b. 209
c. 126.5
d. 92.8
c. 126.5g
What causes the puckering, dry taste sensation found in tea, wine, chocolate, and underripe fruits?
a. pectic acid
b. cruciferae
c. umami
d. tannins
d. tannins
Which US government agency maintains the NND?
a. CDC
b. NCHS
c. USDA
d. FDA
c. USDA
When baking at high altitudes, atmospheric pressure is reduced and there are necessary adjustments that need to be made correct for this. What needs to be adjusted when baking at high altitudes?
a. increase baking soda and increase fat
b. decrease baking powder and increase liquid
c. increase baking powder and increase liquid
d. decrease baking soda and decrease flour
b. decrease baking powder and increase liquid
At high altitudes, the boiling point is decreased and cooking time is decreased.
Jaclyn enjoys hands-on experiments and leaning through trial and error. She prefers group discussions to facilitate her learning. Which learning style best describes Jaclyn?
a. thinker
b. lumper
c. assimilator
d. converger
d. converger
hands-on and trial and error and discussion learning - learning styles of a Splitter, Sensor, Converger, and Common Sense
If ice cream is made with low-fat milk, what characteristics will be increased? In order to compensate for this, what ingredients should be increased?
a. smoothness; salt
b. crystal size; fat
c. flavor; fat
d. crystal size; sugar
b. crystal size; fat
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding online education?
a. online and in-person education is basically the same
b. all computerized personal data should be encrypted
c. patient privacy policies are the same for in-person and online education sessions
d. the FDA regulates all apps related to health education
d. the FDA regulates all apps related to health education
On average, how much water does a person lose per day due to insensible water loss?
a. 2.0L
b. 1.0L
c. 0.5L
d. 1.5:
b. 1.0L
Mary is a preschool teacher and is planning a picnic for the children's end-of-the-year school party. Which of the following foods would be the best for Mary to bring?
a. hot dogs
b. strawberries
c. grapes
d. milk
b. strawberries
Does not commonly cause choking or allergic reactions.
Which of the following is NOT true about the medical record?
a. standardized by the Joint Commission
b. legal document
c. record of care
d. communication record
a. standardized by The Joint Commission
The structure of linoleic acid is written as C18:2w6. Where is the first double bond located?
a. at the carboxyl group
b. 6th carbon
c. 18th carbon
d. 2nd carbon
b. 6th carbon
before providing nutrition advice to a client, what step should the dietitian take to make the client more receptive?
a. perform a cost-benefit analysis
b. ask at least two patient identifiers
c. ask the clients permission
d. conduct supportive scientific research
c. ask the client's permission
Which nutrient is responsible for the metabolism of pyruvate to generate energy in the TCA cycle?
a. zinc
b. thiamin
c. chromium
d. magnesium
b. thiamin
What is the name for the stored form of iron?
a. ferritin
b. ferric
c. heme iron
d. ferrous
a. ferritin
ferritin - stored iron
ferric - food form of iron
ferrous - absorbable form of iron
Which teaching method requires initial guidance by an educator and then allows learners to work independently to manipulate information?
a. discovery
b. role-playing
c. exhibits
d. lecture
a. discovery
Which of the following food additives acts as a preservative and mold inhibitor in sausage?
a. propyl gallate
b. benzoyl peroxide
c. ascorbic acid
d. monoglycerides
a. propyl gallate
Which of the following best describes the purpose of nutritional epidemiology?
a. to determine the condition of a populations health influenced by intake and utilization of nutrients
b. to determine the relationship between dietary factors and their influence on etiology, occurrence, prevention, and treatment of disease
c. to express a certain quantity, amount, or range
d. to obtain information on processes, meaning, and more in-depth understandings
b. to determine the relationship between dietary factors and their influence on etiology, occurrence, prevention, and treatment of disease
Which of the following is used as a thickening agent in sauces?
a. water
b. sugar
c. starch
d. fat
c. starch
Which steps are in the correct order for mixing a quick bread (muffin, biscuit)?
a. mix dry ingredients, mix wet ingredients, add dry to wet ingredients and mix
b. mix dry ingredients, mix wet ingredients, add wet to dry ingredients and mix
c. cut fat into flour and salt, add liquid, mix
d. cream fat with sugar add egg, add mixed dry ingredients slowly, alternating with portions of liquid
b. mix dry ingredients, mix wet ingredients, add WET to DRY ingredients and mix
What hormone moves human milk through ducts and facilitates birth?
a. prolactin
b. oxytocin
c. progesterone
d. colostrum
b. oxytocin
Reducing the pH of cake batter to below 7.0 results in what?
a. reduced browning during cooking
b. increased browning during cooking
c. increased firmness in the final product
d. reduced acidic taste in the final product
a. reduced browning during cooking
Maillard reaction is more gradual at lower pH levels
Josh is a four-month-old baby boy who weighs 15 lbs. What are his estimated daily energy needs?
a. 170 kcals
b. 563 kcals
c. 1,620 kcals
d. 612 kcals
b. 563 kcals
4-6 month olds: (89 x weight(kg) - 100) + 56
Joshua works as a nutrition spokesperson for a major supplement company. When developing new pitches for media stories, he conducts a formal literature review on the topic, arranges his materials in a pragmatic manner, and presents his pitch in a lecture-based format. Joshua would most likely fall into which learning style category?
a. thinkers
b. sensors
c. intuitors
d. feelers
a. thinkers
During a nutrition counseling session, a client tells you, "I look forward to my mom's bread pudding and egg nog all year. I can't say no to them on holidays" What is this statement an example of?
a. emotional barriers to change
b. behavior readiness to change
c. body language readiness to change
d. social barrier to change
d. social barrier to change
As compared to other intensive sweeteners, polyhedric alcohols are used more often to sweeten which of the following products?
a. chewing gum
b. beverages
c. cereals
d. bakes goods
a. chewing gum
The hospital is developing a Healthy Eating for Diabetes book for client nutrition education. The hospital population is low-income and has a low education level, and the hospital accepts patients without insurance. When creating client nutrition education written material, what should the reading level be?
a. 3rd grade
b. 8th grade
c. 12th grade
d. 6th grade
d. 6th grade
Written materials for low literacy - 6th grade
written materials for general population - 8th grade
A vegetarian reports that she consumes the majority of her protein from soybeans and legumes. Which amino acid might she be low in?
a. phenylalanine
b. methionine
c. lysine
d. tryptophan
b. methionine
In what part of the cell does aerobic glycolysis occur?
a. cytoplasm
b. cristae
c. matrix
d. mitochondria
a. cytoplasm
glycolysis - cytoplasm
TCA cycle - matrix of the mitochondria
In the SOAP note format, in which section should tolerance of the current diet be documented?
a. A
b. O
c. P
d. S
d. S
SUBJECTIVE - tolerance of diet, what the patient reports
OBJECTIVE - items that are defined (diet order, ht/wt, labs)
ASSESSMENT - pulls information together
PLAN - includes follow-up plans and interventions
Ralph is a 62 y/o male in his second round of chemotherapy for esophageal cancer. A meeting is scheduled with the oncology RD to discuss his current diet and appetite. Which of the following foods would be permissible for Ralph?
a. none of these
b. tiramisu made with unpasteurized eggs
c. over-easy eggs made with unpasteurized eggs
d. cake made with unpasteurized eggs
d. cake made with unpasteurized eggs
unpasteurized eggs are okay as long as they are going to be fully cooked.
Which of the following is one of the four C's of effective communication?
a. complete
b. coach
c. challenger
d. concrete
a. complete
Clear, concise, complete, correct
According to the RDA for protein, how many calories of protein should a diet provide for a 195.8 lb adult?
a. 250
b. 285
c. 356
d. 71.2
b. 285kcals
89kg x 0.8g = 71.2g
71.2 x 4 = 285kcals
A group of scientists are researching what specific personality traits are associated with obesity. They hypothesize that specific personality traits are associated with weight fluctuations and changes in BMI across the human lifespan. What type of research does this describe?
a. case study
b. qualitative
c. analytical
d. cohort
b. qualitative
A TV commercial suggests that eating a certain food before you workout will energize you and make you a better athlete. As a result, an individual watching the commercial buys the food and then takes a high-intensity interval training exercise class. Which learning theory does this reflect?
a. social learning
b. cognitivism
c. cognitive development
d. constructivism
a. social learning
What is the recommended limit of caffeine consumption per day for children?
a. 400mg
b. 100mg
c. 70mg
d. 30mg
b. 100mg
A salad dressing is clear and not cloudy when refrigerated. What process prevents this salad dressing from crystallizing when cold?
a. sublimation
b. hydrogenation
c. gelatinization
d. winterization
d. winterization
"Given a variety of carbohydrate sauces, participants will be able to differentiate between complex and simple carbohydrates with an accuracy of 90%" What is this statement an example of?
a. visual objective
b. affective objective
c. psychomotor objective
d. cognitive objective
d. cognitive objective
In the ETHNIC model of cultural competency, what does the E stand for?
a. explanation
b. ethics
c. ethnic
d. education
a. explanation
E - explanation
T - treatment
H - healers
N - negotiate
I - intervention
C - collaborate
Which of the following is NOT an example of food processing?
a. washing
b. biotechnology
c. freeze-drying
d. fermentation
b. biotechnology
The EMR adoption was a result of which of the following?
a. increasing complexity of medical care
b. the PPACA legislation
c. Preventable medical errors
d. HIPAA
c. preventable medical errors
Butter, oil, and egg yolks are all examples of fat-containing ingredients commonly found in baking recipes. What is the function of fat in baking?
a. to control the fermentation rate of yeast
b. to develoop gluten
c. to provide stability
d. to add tenderness
d. to add tenderness
A coworker brought homemade banana nut muffins to the office. The muffins are round with a pebbled top, thick walls, a shiny crust, and a crumbly interior. What caused the unpleasant texture and appearance of these muffins?
a. too little sugar
b. too much sugar
c. oven temperature too low
d. too much mixing
b. too much sugar
The cafeteria served green beans for lunch starting at 11am. By 1pm, the remaining green beans have become overcooked and mushy. What pigment is found in the green beans at 1pm?
a. chlorophyllase
b. chlorophyll
c. pheophytin
d. chlorophyllin
d. chlorophyllin
Which nutrient is NOT required to convert pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA?
a. thiamin
b. pantothenic acid
c. lactic acid
d. citric acid
d. citric acid
During a nutrition counseling session, a client says "I know you want me to stop eating out, but i am not ready to do that". The dietitian responds by saying, "You can see that there are some issues, but you're not willing to think about stopping all together". Which principle of motivational interviewing is the dietitian using?
a. roll with resistance
b. avoid argumentation
c. develop discrepancy
d. express empathy
a. roll with resistance
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