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Chapter 2: The development of sociology

Terms in this set (24)

Auguste Comte
father of sociology, society can be studied using same methods practiced in natural sciences
Law of human progress (Comte)
society has gone thru 3 stages: Theological (study of god), metaphysical (abstract concepts), scientific
Herbert Spencer
"Survival of the fittest"; Social Darwinism between societies and cultures
Karl Marx
conflict theory, history is marked by economic determinism, bourgeoisie & proletariat, father of communism
Emile Durkheim
sociology is an academic discipline, anomie: "if you do this then you will have this"
Max Weber
verstehen: empathetic understanding of human behavior, study social action, rationalization
Harriet Martineau
deaf sociologist who study and promoted feminist issues, translated Comte's work into english
Factors that led to rise of sociology in America
Industrialization, urbanization, immigration
Jane Addams
Founder of hull house: settlement house for child labor laws. First American Woman to earn Nobel Peace Prize, not a trained sociologist
W.E.B. DuBois
1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, helped create NAACP: eliminates race prejudice
3 major sociological theories
structural functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism
Conflict theory
micro, competition for power & limited resources, conflict is a key source of change, economic inequality & exploitation
Structural Functionalism
macro, each element of society serves a particular function to keep the entire system in equilibrium--schools, banks.. manifest & latent functions, dysfunction
symbolic interaction
micro, society is reflected in our symbols & interactions, humans act towards things based on meanings attached
exchange theory
we interact with the express purpose of receiving some reward, norm of reciprocity
evolutionary theory
societ progresses through stages, not all change is for the better, complexity inc with generation
humanistic theory
mankind can direct its own change, we should initiate change
feminist theory
differentiates between the perceptions of men and women
social identity theory
the idea that ingroups consist of individuals who perceive themselves to be members of the same social category and experience pride through their group membership, judgement of other groups--stereotype, discrimination
Bourgeoisie
the class of people who own the means of production
Proletariat
the group in capitalist societies that does not own the means of production & only has labor to sell
manifest funtions
functions that are intended and/or overtly recognized by the participants in a social unit
latent functions
the unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern
dysfunctions
in structural functional theory, factors that lead to the disruption or breakdown of the social system
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