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Web DSS Exam 1

Terms in this set (134)

The internet and web programming technologies are designed to be ____________, allowing you to design web pages and applications that run across an enormous range of internet-enabled devices.
portable
Technologies are used to build web pages and applications that are run on the client (i.e. in the browser on the user's device)
Client-side programming
The applications that respond to requests from client-side web applications, such as searching the Internet, checking your bank- account balance, ordering a book from Amazon, and ordering concert tickets.
Server-side programming
A global system of interconnected computer of networks, aka network of networks.
Internet
One of the services communicated via the internet
Web
A collection of interlinked multimedia documents that are stored on the internet and accessed using the HTTP protocol.
World Wide Web
In its simplest form, a ______ __________ is an HTML (HyperText MarkUp Language) document (with the extension .html or .htm) that describes to a web browser the document's content and structure.
web page
HTML documents usually contain ______________, which, when clicked, load a specific web document.
hyperlinks
Both ____________ and __________ may be hyperlinked.
Images and Text
When the user clicks a hyperlink, a web request is sent to a _______ ____________, which locates the requested web page and sends it back to the user's web browser.
web server
Similarly, the user can type the ______________ of a web page into the browser's address field and press Enter to view the specified page.
address
Hyperlinks can reference other web pages, e-mail addresses, ________ and more.
files
If a hyperlink's URL is in the form _____________________, clicking the link loads your default e-mail program and opens a new ____________ ________________ addressed to the specific e-mail address.
mailto: emailAddreess, message window
If a hyperlink references a file that the browser is incapable of displaying, the browser prepares to _______________ the file, and generally prompts the user for information about how the file should be stored.
download
________ identify resources on the internet.
URIs (uniform resource identifiers)
URIs that start with http:// are called _______
URLS (uniform resource locaters)
A URL contains information that directs a browser to the ___________ that the user wishes to access.
resource
What are two popular web servers?
Microsoft's Internet Information Services (IIS) and Apache's HTTP server
_______ ___________, a part of a URL, make such resources available to web clients.
web servers
The component of the URL: ____________ indicates that the HyperText Transfer Protocol should be used to obtain the resource
http://
Next in the server's fully qualified _________________ (e.g., www.deitel.com) the name of the web-server computer on which the resource resides
host name
This computer is referred to as the ________, because it houses and maintains resources.
host
The hostname www.deitel.com is translated into an ________________.
IP (internet protocol) address
An internet ____________ __________ ______________ server maintains a database of hostnames and their corresponding IP addresses and performs the translations automatically.
Domain Name System
From the client server, the web browser sends an HTTP request to the server. The request in its simplest form is:
get ________ (whatever is after the .com in the web address)
The word ________ is an HTTP method indicating that the client wishes to obtain a resource from the server. The remainder of the request provides the ________ __________ of the resource and the protocol's name and version number. The clients request also contains some required and optional headers.
GET, path name
After the client request has been sent, the server first sends a line of text that indicates the __________ version followed by a numeric code and a phrase describing the status of transaction.
HTTP
HTTP/1.1 200 OK means ____________ and HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found means ______________
success, informs the client that the web server could not locate the requested resource
After the initial line of text from the server, the the server then sends one or more _________ ______________, which provides additional information about the data that will be sent.
HTTP Headers
In this case, the server is sending an HTML 5 text document, so one HTTP header for this example would read:
Content-type: text/html
text/html specifies the ________________ ___________ _________ __________________ type of the content that the server is transmitting to the browser
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
The MIME standard specifies _________ ____________, which programs can use to interpret data correctly.
data formats
For example, the MIME type text/plain indicates that the sent information is text that can be displayed _______________.
directly
Similarly, the MIME type image/jpeg indicates that the content is a _____________ ____________. When the browser receives this MIME type, it attempts to display the image.
jpeg image
The header or set of headers is followed by a ________ ________, which indicates to the client browser that the server is finished sending HTTP headers.
blank line
Finally, the server sends the contents of the requested document:
downloads.html
After the server sends the contents of the requested document, the client-side browser render or ___________ the document, which may involve additional HTTP requests to obtain associated CSS and images.
displays
The two most common types HTTP request types also known as request methods are
Get and Post
A _______ request typically gets information from a server, such as an HTML document, an image or search results based on a user-submitted search term.
get
A _________ request typically posts or sends data to a server. Common uses of this request are to send form data or documents to a server.
post
A get request ______________ data to the URL. e.g., www.google.com/search?q=deitel. In this case search is the name of Google's server side _______ ____________, q is the name of the _______________ in Google's search form, and deitel is the _________ __________.
appends, form handler, variable, search term
(Get request) The ? in the URL separates the ________ ____________ from the rest of the URL in a request. A name/value pair is passed to the server with the name and the value separated by an ________ ________. If more than one name/value pair is submitted, each pair is separated by an _____.
query string, equals sign, &
For a get request, the server uses data passed in a query string to retrieve an appropriate _____________ from the server.
resource
The server then sends a response to the client. A get request may be initiated by what two ways?
1. by submitting an HTML form whose method attribute is set to "GET"
2. By typing the URL possibly containing a query string directly into the browser's address bar.
A post request sends form data as part of the ________ message, not as part of the URL.
HTTP
A get request typically limits the query string (i.e. everything to the right of ?) to a specific number of characters, so its often necessary to send large amounts of information using the ________ method.
post
If a form submits several hidden input values along with user-submitted data, the ________ method might generate a URL like www.searchengine.com/search
post
Browsers often ___________ (save on a disk) recently viewed web pages for quick reloading.
cache
If there are no changes between the version stored in the cache and the current version on the web, this ____________ up your browsing experience.
speeds
An HTTP response can indicate the length of time for which the content remains __________. If this amount of time has not been reached the browser can avoid another request to the server. If not, the browser loads the document from the cache.
fresh
(cache) Similarly, there's also the "not modified" HTTP response, indicating that the file content has not ____________ since it was last requested.
changed
Browsers typically do not ________ the server's response to a post request, because the next post might not return the same result.
cache
Clear your browsers ____________ if the browser fails to sync with the server.
cache
Web application are often ____________ applications that divide functionality into separate tiers. (sometimes referred to as n-tier applications.
multi-tier
The __________ tier (also called the data tier or the information tier) maintains the application's data, typically in a relational database management system.
bottom tier
The _____________ tier acts as an intermediary between data in the information tier and the application's client.
middle tier
The three logic's associated with the middle tier of the three tier architecture are ________________ logic which processes client requests (such as requests to view a product catolog) and retrieves data from the database. The _______________ logic enforces business rules and ensures that data is reliable before the application updates a database or presents data to users. The ______________ logic then processes data from the information tier and presents the content to the client.
Controller, business, Presentation
______________ __________ _________________ can be used to validate user input, to interact with the browser, to enhance web pages, and to add client/server communication between a browser and a web server.
Client-side scripting
Client-side scripting limitations
- browser dependency
- restricted from arbitrarily accessing the local hardware and file system for security reasons
- source code can be viewed by the client
- sensitive information should not be on the client side
- Operations on the client can open web applications to security issues.
Programmers have more flexibility with ______________ _____________ _____________, which often generate custom responses for clients.
server side scripts
_________ __________ scripting languages have a wider range of programmatic capabilities than their client-side equivalents.
server side
Limitations of server-side scripting:
- consume resources on the server
-less efficient than client-side script
-Increases Internet traffic
In October 1994, Tim Berners- Lee founded and organization, the __________ _____________ _______ __________________, devoted to developing nonproprierty, interoperable technologies for the world wide web.,
World Wide Web Consortium (WC3)
One of the W3C's ___________ __________ is to make the web universally accessible- regardless of disability, language or culture.
primary goals
The W3C is a standards organization and web technologies standardized by the W3C are called ________________________. Example of these are the HyperText MarkUp Language (HTML5), Cascading Style Sheets 3 (CSS) and the Extension Markup Language (XML).
recommendations
An HTML Recognized keyword enclosed in angle brackets. e.g., <html>, </html>
Tag
_____________ in the format of <title> title name </title>
Element
_______________ in the format of Attributename = "value" e.g., ......<charset = "utf-8"
Attribute
An element does not have a mark up text, nor does it have the end tag. <meta charset = "utf-8"
Void Element
Document type looks like: ______________________.
<!DOCTYPE html>
Html code is case _____________
Insensitive
The ________ section is a required html section that is a container for all head elements designed using the <head> and </head> tags
Head
In the head section, the _________ element is required. Optional elements include meta, style, script, etc.
Title
The other html required section is the _________ section. This section defines the documents body using <body> and </body> tags
Body
In the _________ section you can use many different html elements such as text, paragraph, image, hyperlink, table, form, etc.
Body
A page can have multiple ______________ elements; creates a header for each sectioning element, usually includes a heading element (h1,h2,h3, etc.)
header
the ______ element is used to group navigation links
nav
The _________________ element can be associated with a group of figures.
figurecaption
The ___________ element is used to mark a stand alone section, e.g., news article, story, comment.
article
the _____________ element displays a right-pointing arrow next to a summary, when the summary is clicked, the arrow points downward and shows the _____________ element
summary, detail
the _____________ element is used to define a group of related content and uses a heading (h1-h6) to define each heading
section
HTML's main role is to define content, while CSS3 main role is to define ____________.
style
CSS3 is used to specify the presentation of elements separately from the ____________ of elements.
structure
What are the CSS advantages?
-Separation of content from presentation
-Site-wide consistency
- Reduce data transfer over a network
- Easy to reformat pages for device portability
- Better Accessibility
A style sheet is a set of ___________.
rules
Style-class declarations are preceded by a ___________.
period
A _____________ class give access to information not declared in the HTML document. Examples are hover, visited, link
Psuedo
Most styles defined for parent elements are also ___________________ by child elements (nested elements)
inherited
Styles specified for child elements have higher ____________ and take precedence over styles defined for their parent elements
specificity
Styles may be defined by an author, a user, or a user agent (_______________)
browser
Styles _____________, or flow together, such that ultimate appearance of elements on a page result from combining styles defined in several ways
cascade
Styles defined by the __________ take precedence over styles defined by the user.
author
Styles defined by the ____________ take precedence over styles defined by the user agent.
user
_____________ styles are styles declared within HTML elements.
Inline
____________ styles only apply to the element where the style is declared.
Inline
____________ styles do not truly separate presentation from content
Inline
_____________ styles are styles declared in an HTML document's head section
Embedded
______________ apply to the entire HTML document
embedded
____________ styles (preferred) are styles defined in external style sheets
external
_____________ styles apply to all HTML documents on the site
external
Font-weight property specifies the _______________ of the text. Examples of input are: bold, normal, bolder, lighter, multiples from 100-900
boldness
font-family specifies the _____________ of the font to use. Examples of input are helvetica, Arial
name
font-size property specifies the _______ used to render the font. You can specify a point size or a relative value such as xx-small, x-small, small, smaller, etc. ____________ font sizes are preferred because an author does not know the specific measurements of each client's display
size, relative
For the font-size property, a point size value is formed by an ________________ + or - followed by a number followed by a two letter abbreviation indicating the unit. Units include px (pixels), em(size of letter M), ex (size of letter x), in (inch), cm (centimeter)
optional
the ________ ___________ property allows you to set text to none, italic, or oblique
font style
the __________ _________________ element property applies decoration to text in an element such as underline, overline, line-through, and blink
text decoration
The color property specifies the __________ of the text
color
the __________ ___________ property is used to center the text. Examples of input are center, left, and right
text align
the __________ _______________ property indents the first line of text in the element by the specified amount
text indent
The CSS ______________ property allows for absolute positioning, which provides greater control over where on a page an element resides.
position
Without the CSS position property or normally, elements are position on the page in the ____________ in which they appear in the HTML5 document.
order
Specifying an element's position as absolute removes it from the __________ ___________ of elements on the page and positions it according to distance from the top, left, right or bottom margin of its parent element
normal flow
the ___________ property allows a developer to layer overlapping elements
z-index
Elements that have ____________ z-index values are displayed in front of elements with lower z-index values
higher
_____________ level elements do not change the flow of the document
inline
Examples of inline level elements are:
-img
-a
-em
-strong
-span
The _________ inline element does not apply any formatting to its contents and creates a container for CSS rules or id attributes to applied to each section
span
___________ level elements are displayed on their own line and have virtual boxes around them
block
Examples of block level elements are:
-p
-all headings (h1 through h6)
- div
______ is a grouping element like span, but it's block level
div
Css can control the backgrounds of block-level elements by adding:
background-color and background-image
the ___________________ ______________ property specifies the URL of the image, in the format url(fileLocation)
background image
the _________________ ________________ property places the image on the page using the values top, bottom , center, left and right individually or in combination for vertical and horizontal positioning. You can also position by using lengths
background position
the ________________ ____________ property controls the tiling of the background image. Examples of input are no repeat, repeat, repeat-x, and repeat-y
background repeat
the ________________ property determines the distance between the content inside an element and the edge of the element.
padding
the _____________ property determines the distant between the elements edge and any outside text
margin
the border is controlled using what three properties?
border width, border color, border style
_______________ elements allow you to move an element to one side of the screen; other content in the document then flows around the floated element
floating
the :hover _________________ is used to apply styles to the element when the mouse curser is over it
psuedoclass
the ______________ property allows a programmer to decide if an element is displayed as a block element, inline element, or is not rendered at all (none)
display
What are the four properties of text shadows in order?
horizontal and vertical offsets of the shadow, blur radius, and color
CSS ____________________ property: allows animation of most HTML elements without using Javascript or Flash
animation
What is the syntax for the animation property?
name, timing-function, duration, delay, iteration-count, direction
For an animation you also need to define a CSS ________________ rule for an animation
@keyframe
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