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AP Euro Chapter 18

Terms in this set (49)

Politically, the period from 1715 to 1789 witnessed
the continuing process of centralization in the development of nation-states
During the eighteenth century, the idea of Divine Right
was replaced by the idea of "enlightened absolutism" justified by utilitarian arguments
France in the eighteenth century
lost an empire while acquiring a huge public debt
Louis XV's most famous mistress was
Madame de Pompadour
In the 1700s, members of the British Parliament were
chosen by different ways in different districts
In England, a legislative district controlled by one man or one family was known as
pocket borough
By the eighteenth century, the Dutch Republic
suffered a decline in economic prosperity
A continuing trend throughout the eighteenth-century Prussia was
the social and military dominance of the Junker nobility
Under the reign of Fredrick William I, Prussia
became a highly centralized European state
Under Fredrick II "the Great" of Prussia, the most important offices in the government usually went to
members or the nobility
The Austrian Empire under Joseph II
witnessed general discontent due to Joseph's enlightened but radical reforms
In a sincere effort to reform his domains typical of enlightened rulers, the Austrian emperor Joseph II issued
6000 decrees and 11000 new laws
The enlightened legal reforms expressed by Catherine the Great in her Instruction
accomplished little due to heavy opposition and were soon forgotten
Catherine the Great of Russia
Followed a successful policy of expansion against the Turks
Pugachev's rebellion broke out after
Catherine II worsened conditions for the peasantry
Which of the following countries did not participate in the partition of Poland:
England
The dismemberment of Poland in the late eighteenth century
showed the necessity of a strong, centralized monarchy to defend a state in the period
During the eighteenth century, Spain
was temporarily rejuvenated by the reforms of Philip V
Labeled as "one of the most enlightened monarchs of his age" and among the most successful in wresting power away from the nobility was
Gustavas III of Sweden
Enlightened absolutism in the eighteenth century
could never completely overcome the political and social realities of the time
European diplomacy during the eighteenth century was predicted on the idea that
in a balance of power, one state should not achieve dominace over another
The War of Austrian Succession began in 1740 when Prussia attacked the Hasburg province of
Silesia
The young Hasburg empress whose country was attacked in the War of Austrian Succession was
Maria Theresa
The Diplomatic Revolution resulted when Maria Teresa of Austria refused to recognize the loss of
Silesia, and gained a french alliance
Which was do some historians regard as the first world war?
The Seven Years' War
As a result of the French and Indian War, France
lost Canada
European warfare in the eighteenth century was characterized by
limited objectives and elaborate maneuvers
Of the great European powers in the eighteenth century, the only one not to possess a standing army and to rely on mercenaries was
Great Britain
European population growth in the second half of the eighteenth century
was nearly double the rate of the first half of the century
All of the following contributed to the growth of population in the second half o the eighteenth century except
the end of typhus and smallpox
A key financial advantage the British government enjoyed over French rulers in the eighteenth century was
Britain's capacity to borrow large sums of money at low rates of interest
All of the following were persistent trends in the upper class eighteenth-century European family except
children often removed from foundling homes an boarded at state and municipal workshops
European society in the eighteenth century witnessed
the continued dominance of the nuclear family
New European attitudes toward children are made visible in all the following except
a reinforcement of the custom of primogeniture
Which of the following non-native, imported products allowed Irish peasants to survive on the small plots of land left to them by English landlords?
wheat
The domestic system of industrial production in Flanders and England became known as the
cottage system
A key financial innovation of the eighteenth century was
the circulation of paper banknotes compensating for a lack of coinage
All of the following are correct about trade and commerce in the eighteenth century except
international trade had become greater than trade within Europe
Which of the following cities did not benefit significantly from the eighteenth century Atlantic trade?
Rome
A favorite type of private charity supported by the rich in the eighteenth century Europe was
foundling homes for poor and abandoned children
Europe's unequal social organization in the eighteenth century was
determined by the division of society into traditional orders
The European peasantry in the eighteenth century
often owed extensive compulsory services to aristocratic landowners
The special legal privileges of the European nobility included all of the following except
guarantees against becoming poor
Andrea Palladio was a noted Venetian
architect
The Grand Tour
generally completed the proper education of an aristocrat's sons
Which of the following statements best describes eighteenth-century European cities?
They were filthy and lacked proper sanitation
By the eighteenth century, the largest European city in terms of population was
London
The problem of poverty in eighteenth century Europe was
aggravated by the hostile feelings of government officials towards the poor
At the beginning of the eighteenth century
the old order still remained strong
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