HROB 101 CHAPTER 3

The positive potential of diversity is typically reflected in theories about _____.
A. social categorization
B. social identity
C. information processing
D. cognitive dissonance
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The positive potential of diversity is typically reflected in theories about _____.
A. social categorization
B. social identity
C. information processing
D. cognitive dissonance
C. information processing
Which of the following is true of valuing diversity?
A. It maximizes the negative effects of our natural tendency to categorize people based on their characteristics.
B. It typically occurs naturally in most work environments.
C. It is more likely to lead to stereotyping of people in order to see them as one whole similar unit.
D. It minimizes the possibility of forming biased judgments.
D. It minimizes the possibility of forming biased judgments.
In the context of diversity, which of the following is a difference between conventional and sustainable organizational behavior?
A. Conventional organizational behavior balances uniqueness with honoring community, while sustainable organizational behavior focuses on de-emphasizing differences.
B. Conventional organizational behavior typically looks beyond individuals' surface characteristics to discover internal attributes, while sustainable organizational behavior is less likely to treat diversity as an inherent characteristic of true community.
C. Conventional organizational behavior believes in embracing differences as part of a group, while sustainable organizational behavior focuses on members as individuals apart from a group.
D. Conventional organizational behavior recognizes the value of diversity in contributing to organizational goals, while sustainable organizational behavior is more likely to celebrate diversity and emphasize uniqueness.
D. Conventional organizational behavior recognizes the value of diversity in contributing to organizational goals, while sustainable organizational behavior is more likely to celebrate diversity and emphasize uniqueness.
Which of the following is true of abilities?
A. They tend to be similar to skills and can be learned.
B. They are usually acquired and are less inherent in nature.
C. They are usually unstable traits that become evident later in life.
D. They tend to be significant predictors of important life outcomes.
D. They tend to be significant predictors of important life outcomes.
_____ refers to the unique and relatively stable pattern of behaviors, thoughts, and emotions shown by individuals.
A. Personality
B. Attribution
C. Behaviorism
D. Ability
A. Personality
Which of the following is true of individuals with a positive affect?
A. They are characterized by a neurotic personality.
B. They generally tend to be enthused.
C. They are characterized by features that are related to introversion.
D. They are characterized with a state of being anxious
B. They generally tend to be enthused.
Which of the following best defines organizational citizenship behavior?
A. It refers to exhibiting behaviors of nationalism in the workplace that result in the formation of affinity groups.
B. It refers to work behavior that goes beyond job expectations to help others or aid the organization.
C. It refers to the modifying organizational rules and norms to fit one's beliefs and expectations.
D. It refers to a form of workplace deviance that seeks to correct perceived injustices.
B. It refers to work behavior that goes beyond job expectations to help others or aid the organization.
Among the Big Five personality traits, which of the following is typically associated with an individual being good-natured and trustful?
A. Conscientiousness
B. Emotional stability
C. Agreeableness
D. Extraversion
C. Agreeableness
Having more agreeable members on a team often leads to:
A. less groupthink.
B. lower levels of cohesion.
C. less conflict.
D. more cognitive dissonance.
C. less conflict.
According to conventional organizational behavior, which of the following is true of abilities and personality traits?
A. They are poor indicators of individual job productivity.
B. They are less likely to predict an individual's behavior.
C. They can be useful only in addressing larger and broader organizational needs rather than individual goals.
D. They can be helpful in explaining performance in individual jobs.
D. They can be helpful in explaining performance in individual jobs.
Which of the following is identified as the most critical factor in helping a team bond and reducing conflict? A. Agreeableness B. Hedonism C. Conscientiousness D. ExtraversionA. AgreeablenessWhich of the following corresponds to a sustainable application of the Big Five personality trait of emotional stability? A. Engaging customers and initiating actions to exert status B. Contributing to productivity exclusively across individual tasks C. Adapting to change and seeking innovation for self-enhancement D. Being calm and considerate in working with a diversity of peopleD. Being calm and considerate in working with a diversity of peopleTina is a broad-minded project manager who is always open to fresh perspectives. She believes in incorporating sustainable workplace practices. Being a firm believer in being open to new experiences and in sustainable organizational behavior, Tina should typically _____. A. manipulate her individual ideas to suit her team's needs B. learn from diverse stakeholders and promote creativity C. develop mutual trust with co-workers through hedonistic principles D. be extremely assertive and initiate autonomyB. learn from diverse stakeholders and promote creativityWhich of the following is a personality inventory based on Carl Jung's work on psychological types? A. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator B. David W. Keirsey Temperament Sorter C. Riso-Hudson Enneagram Type Indicator D. Macdonald TriadA. Myers-Briggs Type IndicatorWhich of the following is true of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator? A. It is more evaluative in terms of 'good' and 'bad' in comparison to the Big Five personality traits. B. It is more focused on description and understanding. C. It is devised to make insights of type theory less accessible. D. It is obsolete and less user-friendly as it does not provide a personality inventory.B. It is more focused on description and understanding.Which of the following Myers-Briggs dimensions corresponds to the Big Five trait of agreeableness? A. Extraversion-Introversion B. Judging-Perceiving C. Feeling-Thinking D. Intuiting-SensingC. Feeling-ThinkingWhich of the following Myers-Briggs dimensions corresponds to the Big Five trait of openness to experience? A. Extraversion-Introversion B. Judging-Perceiving C. Feeling-Thinking D. Intuiting-SensingD. Intuiting-SensingWhich of the following Myers-Briggs dimensions corresponds to the Big Five trait of conscientiousness? A. Extraversion-Introversion B. Judging-Perceiving C. Feeling-Thinking D. Intuiting-SensingB. Judging-Perceiving_____ is a broad trait that integrates an individual's sense of self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, emotional stability, and locus of control. A. Five-Factor assessment B. Positive/Negative affectivity C. Core self-evaluation D. Peripheral self-introspectionC. Core self-evaluationWhich of the following best defines locus of control? A. It refers to an individual's consistent belief about the sources of success and failure. B. It refers to an individual's self-introspection of his abilities. C. It refers to an individual's inherent bias toward people with specific personality traits. D. It refers to an individual's motivational levels irrespective of the existing circumstances.A. It refers to an individual's consistent belief about the sources of success and failure.Which of the following is true of individuals with an external locus of control? A. They are more likely to be self-starters. B. They exhibit a personal responsibility to improve. C. They are more likely to demonstrate determination. D. They attribute life outcomes to forces beyond their command.D. They attribute life outcomes to forces beyond their command.Which of the following best defines generalized self-efficacy? A. It refers to an individual's overestimation of positive traits and an underestimation of his or her inabilities, relative to other individuals. B. It refers to a person's inability to complete a task or perform a job successfully. C. It refers to a person's belief in his or her ability to cope with and perform in a variety of situations. D. It refers to an individual's belief that he or she is way superior to other individuals owing to his or her perceived social and cultural differences.C. It refers to a person's belief in his or her ability to cope with and perform in a variety of situations._____ are a set of personal tenets that guide a person's actions in evaluating and adapting to his or her world. A. Abilities B. Skills C. Assets D. ValuesD. ValuesWith regard to beliefs about the human nature of workers, which of the following is true of Theory X managers? A. They are inherently lazy. B. They avoid working hard unless forced to do so. C. They design structures and systems that will ensure people work hard. D. They adopt a relatively humanistic approach to management practice.C. They design structures and systems that will ensure people work hard.Which of the following is true of the McGregor Theory Y of human nature of workers? A. It is reflects the "classical" approach to management. B. Under this theory, workers are seen as sets of hired "hands." C. Under this theory, managers are not merely seen as "brains" of an organization. D. It is based on the assumption that workers prefer to be directed rather than shouldering responsibility.C. Under this theory, managers are not merely seen as "brains" of an organization.Which of the following is true of William Ouchi's Theory Z of human nature of workers? A. It states that people tend to dislike being members of a group and would much rather prefer b) individual tasks. B. It emphasizes the belief that people work most productively in stable groups. C. It is associated with management practices for short-term employment rather than long-term employment. D. It discourages the idea of investing on training of workers.B. It emphasizes the belief that people work most productively in stable groups.In terms of values and beliefs, which of the following is true of sustainable organizational behavior? A. It suggests that members of an organization are motivated only to contribute to the material output of the organization rather than its spiritual nature. B. It is less likely to favor positive beliefs about human nature in the future. C. It is likely to embrace the potential for change in other members of an organization D. It supports McGregor's Theory X of human nature of workers.C. It is likely to embrace the potential for change in other members of an organizationAccording to Milton Rokeach's classification of values, which of the following values relates to desirable ends? A. Rhetoric values B. Instrumental values C. Aesthetic values D. Terminal valuesD. Terminal valuesWhich of the following is a difference between terminal values and instrumental values? A. Terminal values are related to desirable ends, while instrumental values are desirable means to achieve the ends. B. Terminal values are specific to how a person goes about living, while instrumental values particularly refer to what a person values achieving in life. C. Terminal values include outcomes related to love and charity, while instrumental values include individual status and power. D. Terminal values are preferred modes of behavior, while instrumental values are preferred ways of existence.A. Terminal values are related to desirable ends, while instrumental values are desirable means to achieve the ends.Which of the following is an example of an instrumental value? A. Health B. Peace C. Charity D. WealthC. CharityWhich of the following is true of instrumental values? A. They relate to desirable ends. B. They correspond to what a person values achieving in life. C. They are undesirable means to achieve end states. D. They correspond to the way a person goes about living.D. They correspond to the way a person goes about living.Which of the following is an example of an instrumental value emphasized in sustainable organizational behavior? A. Individual well-being B. Individual status C. Experimentation D. PowerC. ExperimentationWhich of the following best defines the value hedonism? A. It refers to the practice of living in accordance with established norms. B. It refers to the act of pursuing self-gratification and pleasure. C. It pertains to the value of choosing autonomy over dependence. D. It pertains to the act of preserving the welfare of others.B. It refers to the act of pursuing self-gratification and pleasure._____ refers to the value of choosing autonomy in order to ensure personal independence. A. Benevolence B. Universalism C. Self-direction D. Self-transcendenceC. Self-directionWhich of the following values refers to seeking new and challenging experiences? A. Conformity B. Tradition C. Stimulation D. BenevolenceC. StimulationWhich of the following two values are similar to each other and hence along the same value continuum? A. Conformity and hedonism B. Achievement and benevolence C. Stimulation and tradition D. Conformity and benevolenceD. Conformity and benevolenceBased on the relative emphasis on self-interest, which of the following seeks self-interest rather than others' interest? A. Power B. Universalism C. Benevolence D. TraditionA. PowerWhich of the following values works toward maintaining a status quo? A. Self-direction B. Security C. Hedonism D. AchievementB. SecurityBased on research on values and the value continuum, which of the following is true of the ten values placed along two dimensions? A. Conformity and tradition are values that are close together and situated on the opposite side of stimulation. B. Universalism is a value that works toward establishing self-interest and therefore on the opposite side of benevolence. C. Hedonism and achievement are conflicting values placed along opposite dimensions along the value continuum. D. Self-direction and security co-exist as similar values that fall along the same dimension of the value continuum.A. Conformity and tradition are values that are close together and situated on the opposite side of stimulation.Which of the following is more likely to be pursued by an individual who seeks self-transcendence? A. Power B. Hedonism C. Achievement D. UniversalismD. UniversalismWhich of the following is more likely to be pursued by an individual who values conserving the status quo in an organization? A. Conformity B. Stimulation C. Self-direction D. Self-enhancementA. ConformityWhich of the following is more likely to be pursued by an individual who values openness to change? A. Conformity B. Stimulation C. Security D. TraditionB. StimulationFrom a sustainable organizational behavior perspective, which of the following is more likely to be true of beliefs and values? A. They can help promote mutual benefits and trust. B. They can help in directly explaining performance in individual jobs. C. They can provide the foundation for establishing synergies. D. They can help explain productive behavior.A. They can help promote mutual benefits and trust.