Civil War Reconstruction

Reconstruction
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Terms in this set (38)
Reconstruction
The period of rebuilding/re-organization after the civil war (1865-1877) Included reforms in economy, infrastructure, the south, politics and social changes
Ten Percent Plan
Lincoln's plan to re-unite the country. Provides amnesty for the south except for the confederate leaders. Only 10% of the south have to swear loyalty for them to be accepted into the union. All states must abolish slavery and grant the right to vote to at least some slaves. Also proposed Freedman's Bureau (compromise)
Amnesty
granting or pardoning to a large number of persons
Radical
extreme
Radical Republicans
Group of republicans in congress who anted to protect the rights of freedmen in the south and keep the rich out of power
Freedmen
A person freed from slavery
Freedmen's Bureau
A federal aid program that was set up after the war. Its job was to meet the emergency needs of the south and to bridge the gap between a slave society and a free society. Also wanted to protect blacks from abuse
John Wilkes Booth
An actor and southern sympathizer that assinated Abraham Lincoln
Andrew Johnson
President that came after Lincoln. Had an unpopular reconstruction plan called Restoration, which was extremely lenient on the South. Was impeached and saved by one vote.
Restoration/Johnson's Plan
Provides amnesty for south except for confederate leaders. It allowed states to make their own laws for freed blacks. All states must ratify the 13th amendment.
Thirteenth AmendmentA constitutional amendment that abolished slavery everywhere in the United StatesBlack CodesLaws passed in the south that severely limited the rights of freedmen, as well as regulating the life and labor options of them.Civil Rights Act of 1866Grants citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the U.S. and guarantees them equal rights under the lawFourteenth AmendmentConstitutional amendment that grants citizenship to all persons born in the United States also provided equal protection under the lawRadical Reconstruction Act of 1867An act passed to reconstruct the south. Divided the south into Military Districts and contained the First, Second and Third reconstruction acts.ImpeachTo formally charge a public official with misconduct in office.Ulysses S. GrantElected President in 1865 who was a civil war hero. His presidency was mixed in corruption.Fifteenth AmendmentConstitutional Amendment that prohibited state or federal government form denying the right to vote due to race, gender, social states.Hiram RevelsAfrican American senator that recruited African Americans in the civil war, started a school for African Americans, and served as a chaplain for an African American RegimentScalawagsname given by former confederates to southern whites who supported Republican Reconstruction of the southCarpetbaggersName given to northerners who moved to the south after the civil war and supported republicansKu Klux KlanA secret society whose goal was to drive the blacks and their white allies from power. Used violence to gain white supremacy.IntegratedEnding of separation of different races and brought equality into societySharecroppingsystem of farming in which a farmer works the land for an owner who provides equipment and seeds and receives a share of the cropAmnesty ActPardoned most confederates and allowed white southerner to vote and hold office again`Election of 1876Tilden (Dem.) had the popular vote but needed 1 more electoral vote to win the election. Votes rested in the Republican states of Florida, South Carolina, Louisiana. The votes in these states were heavily disputed and Congress eventually voted Hayes (Rep.) into office.Rutherford B. Hayes19th President of the United States. Formally ended the era of reconstructionCompromise of 1877Government would give more aid to the south and withdraw troops. While the democrats would maintain African American Rights. Decided the election of 1876.RedeemersMerchants, bankers, industrialists and other business leaders who supported the economic development of the south and opposed northern interference. Wanted to Redeem the south from republican rule.Cash cropsfarm crops raised to be sold for money (tobacco, cotton, etc...)Poll taxA tax of fixed amount per person that had to be paid before a person could voteLiteracy testa method used prevent freedmen from voting by forcing them to take a test to prove that they can be read and are able to vote.Grandfather ClauseLaw passed by southerner states after the civil war. Excused a voter from a poll tax or literacy test if his father/grandfather had voted before 1867. Kept African Americans from voting.SegregationSeparation of people of different races, religions or genders.Jim Crow LawsLaws passed by southerners that segregated public placesPlessy vs. FergusonThe court ruled that segregation was legal as as long as facilities for blacks and whites were equalLynchingputting to death a person by the illegal actions of a mobW.E.B. DuBoisAfrican American writer and civil rights leader. said "The slave went free; stood for a brief moment in the sun; then moved back again toward slavery"