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AVS 371 Anat and Phys exam with both

Terms in this set (59)

At rest, mammalian cells typically have
a greater proportion of Na+ ions outside the cell
The Stratum basale/germanativum is comprised mailny of
living keratinocytes
Which of the following is true about the plasma membrane
A) is permeable to all substances
B) is a bilayer of phospholipids with associated proteins
C) It is continuous with the nuclear envelope
D) makes the intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid the same
B) is a bilayer of phospholipids with associated proteins
If Na+ channels on a resting muscle cell were to open,
The cell would depolarize
Which of these organelles is most responsible for making proteins
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Which of these is true
A) a red blood cell in hypertonic solutioin will shrivel as water rushes out of the cell
B) osmosis is the movement of water from hypertonic to hypotonic regions
C) only a few types of mammalian cells have a Na/K ATPase
D) A uniport channel provides a single way for many ions to move in and out of the cell
E) the submental gland in goats releases synovial fluid
A red blood cell in hypertonic solution will shrivell as water rushes out of the cell
The best term for biological function within a cell is
microscopic physiology
a melanocyte cell is a
cell in the skin that makes melanin
which of these is important for stabalizing and aligning articulating joints
true ligaments
which of the following is false
the epidermis is heavily innercated
which of the following is true
membrane ion transport channels are comprised of transmembrane proteins
which of these is not a fundamental attribute of muscle tissue
-contractability
-excitability
-extensibility
-elasticity
lines body cavity
which of these is one of the four primary tissue types
-nasal
-adipose
-mucosal
-blood
-none of the above
none of the above
A cell junction that restricts movement of pathogens or large molecules between adjacent cells
tight junction
mineralized bone matrix (ground substance/osteoid) is comprimised of
hydroxypatite
the connective tissue that directly surrounds myofiber is
endomysium
if a dehydrated mammal drinks water we would expectthe following order of changes
plasma vol increases, interstitial [solute] ecreases, interstitial [solute] decreases
the anatomical structure that cools blood going to the brain in exercising horses is
guttural pouch
the type of gland that is common in livestock and releases sebu
sebaceous
which of these is not a source of water loss
-respiration
-emiesis
-hemorrhage
-perspiration
-neurotransmitter release
neurotransmitter release
the femur is part of what subdivision of the skeletal system
appendicular
a triad is comprise of
t-tubule and 2 terminal cisternae
transport f a substance across the plasma membrane that requires energy is
active transport
which of the following is true
the branch of metabolism where stored energy is broken down is catabolism
in general, whole animal metabolic rate
increases proportionally with animal size
a sweating horse that becomes dehydrates may not consume water that is available because
it has a lower than normal salt concentration is its plasma, and its brain has not stimulated the sensation of "thirst"
At the center of every osteon is the
haversian canal containing blood vessels and nerves
a decrease in prolactin and prolactin receptor is associated with
hair growth
which of the following is true
skeletal muscle commonly works in antagonistic paors
a cell junction that holds a cell tightly to an adjacent cell or extracellular matrix like a "spot weld" is a
desmosome junction
a symorter moves
at least 2 different types of molecules in the same direction across the cell membrane
term for maintaining an acceptable range of physiological condition is
homeorhesis
If a membrane ion channel is closed, explain various ways it can me opened
voltagegated, mechanically stresses,
*********
What does the Na/K ATPase pump do and why is this important for the resting state of the cell
Na/k pump uses ATP to create a concentration gradient for Na and K to pass in and out of the cell. The ATP is being broken down to ADP and Pi allowing 3Na to go out and 2 K to come in, this state is called resting and it is when the cell is negatively charged inside. If a molecule such as ACH were to come along and disturb the state Na would flood into the cell and the cell would be depolarized. To regain the resting state, it needs Na/k ATPase pump
The process of diffusion through a membrane may be defines as
the movement of ions and molecules away from regions where they are in high concentration towards regions where they are in lower concentrations
which of the following terms best describes a phospholipid membrane
a polar hydrophiilic head and a non polar hydrophobic tail
The process of primary active transport acreoss a membrane may be described by which of the following
the use of energy from atp to move ions and small molecules into regions where they are in higher concentration
which of the following best describes the composition of the plasma membrane
lipids, cholesterol, proteins
facilitated diffusion differs from primary active transport because facillitated diffusion
moves molecules across the plasma embrane from where they are in higher concentration to where they are in lower concentration without the expenditure of energy from atp
which of the folling statements is an example of negative feedback
as blood glucose level rise, insulin is released by the pancrease which promotes the absorption of blood glucose by the liver and skeletal muscle cells
what homeostatic response would occur if the body core temperature of an animal rises significantly
sweating and panting would increase along with the animal moving into the shade
Osmosis can be defined by which of the following
the movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from the solution of lower concentration into the solution of higher concentration
during the delivery of a calf, the calf's head pushes against the cervix, causing the cerviz wall to stretch, this results in a eural signal being sent to the hypothalamus, which then directs the posterior pit to release oxytocin into the blood. oxytocin stimulates the uterus to contract which pushesthe calfs head deeper into the cervix, stretching the cervix further. This situation is a description of chich of the following
positive feedback
Why does the plasma membrane of a cell present a barrier to the movement of electrolytes across it
electrolytes are not soluble in the lipid bilayer
if a semipermeable membrane separates two solutions with different concentrations of non-permeable solutes, what will be the direction of water flow between the solutions
from the solution of lower to higher solutes conce
which of the following statements is correct regarding the extracellular fluid and intracellular
The IFC contatins more potassium than the ECF
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding metabolic rate?
A. absolute energy expenditure is proportional to size
B. smaller mammals lose heat slower than larger mammals due to a smaller surface area to volue ratio
C. Metabolic rate can also be expressed in terms of oxygen consumption
D. Heart rate is faster in small mammals compared to large mammals
B. smaller mammals lose heat slower than larger mammals due to a smaller surface area to volue ratio
is incorrect
when plasma glucose concentration increases the secretion of glucose ____ and the secretion of glucagon is ____ however, during the fight or flight response the secretion of insulin _____ and secretion of glucagon ____
increas, decrease, decrease, increase
In order for growth to occur
anabolism must exceed catabolism
T/F the majority of the bodys water is found in the extracellular fluid
false
t/f cardiac cells are connected to each to each other via gap junction, which function
true
t/f insulin has no effecton the carrier mediated trasport of glucose into the liver therefore insulin does not stimulate glucose uptake by that organ
false
t./f growth hormone is important for fetal growth in utero
false
t/f the mechanism of action of lipid soluble hormone is the regulation (ie ssimulatino ) of specific DNA dependent protein synthesis
true
t/f the adrenal medula segretes androgens
fale, catecholamines
t/f hormones of the post pit are synth in cell bodies located in the hypothalamus and transported down the axons where they accumulate in the axon terminals located in the post pit glands
true
t/f glycolysis yields 2 molecules of ATP for each glucose molecule proccessed and may yield 2 molecules of glucose processed and takes place in the mitochondria
false, ccytoplasm
fatty acid catabolism proceeds by the process called beta oxidation in chich one molecule of acetyl co a is produced every carbon atom
false, every 2
in general the greater number of different ligands that can bind to a specific binding site, the lower the specificity of that site
true
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