Chem 100 ch.5 smartbook

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Which of the following options correctly describe the bonding of carbon? Select all that apply.
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Terms in this set (42)
Which of the following options correctly describe the bonding of carbon? Select all that apply.
before bonding carbon has 4 valence electrons.carbon typically forms 4 covalent bonds.carbon bonds to attain a total of 8 valence electrons.
Carbon is in Group 14 (IVA) and has _____ valence electrons. In order to attain a full octet in its outer shell it will therefore form _____ covalent bonds.
4;4
molecular formula
, gives the ratio of elements in the compound
gives the ratio of elements in the compound
structural formula
shows the placement of all atoms in the compound
chemical formula for propane
C3H8
the ablity to do work or produce change is called
energy
Combustion is best described as ________.
chemical reaction with oxygen to release energy
What is the modern metric unit of energy?
Joule
A 1 oz piece of dark chocolate supplies 720. kJ of energy. Convert this to kcal (nutritional calories or Cal) given that 1 kJ = 0.239 kcal.
720 x 0.239 = 172.08Cal
In what way does the structural formula of a compound differ from its molecular formula?
The structural formula shows the arrangement of atoms and bonds.
Which of the following is the chemical formula for octane?C8H18Which of the following can be used to determine the heat released by a combustion reaction performed in a calorimeter?The temperature increase of the calorimeter systemHow is a calorie defined?The energy to increase the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 degree CelsiusAn Blank reaction releases energy/heat, whereas 2Blank 2 reaction requires energy/heat.exothermic Blank 2: endothermica slice of pizza supplies 217 kcal (217 cal). if a person weighing 140 lb expends 80 kcal per mile when walking at 2.0 miles per hour, approximately how long will it take to use up the calories from the pizza?1 hour 20 minutesWhich of the following are considered exothermic processes? (Select all that apply.Burning a fuel Freezing waterEnergy is required to 1Blank 1 (break/form) bonds, whereas energy is released when bonds are blank2break,formedA calorimeter is used to measure the blank released or absorbed by a reaction.heatThe bond energy of a C-H bond is _____.the amount of energy consumed to break a C-H bondThe ability to do work or produce change is called ______.energyWhich of the following options correctly describes an exothermic reaction?It releases more energy by forming product bonds than is needed to break reactant bonds.Which of the following is an endothermic process?boiling water it realeases energyConverting a substance from liquid to solid states is considered anexothermic processThe conversion from liquid to gaseous states is considered anendothermic processWhich of the following statements correctly describe bond energy? Select all that apply.Bond energy values are always positive. The total energy required to break apart a molecule depends on the number and type of bonds.Bond breakingabsorbs energy (endothermic)bond formingreleases energy (exothermic)When oil is burned in a power plant, the _____ energy of the oil is converted into heat, which increases the _____ energy of the water.potential, keneticWhen coal is burned in a power plant, __________ energy is converted into electricity, a form of kinetic energy.potientalWhich of the following are common sources of energy in the United States? Select all that apply.Natural gas Petroleum Coalrue or false: Energy is required to form bonds.false energy is required to break bondsWhich of the following options correctly explain why petroleum has overtaken coal as the largest energy source in the United States? (Select all that apply.)It produces more energy per gram than coal. It is easier to extract from underground.During an energy conversion, what happens to the energy that is "lost"?It becomes kinetic energy of random motion of the surrounding molecules.What compound makes up the majority of natural gas?methaneCompounds containing only carbon and hydrogen are calledhydrocarbonsHow much more energy per gram does petroleum combustion yield relative to coal?40 to 60Attractions between individual molecules are calledIntermolecular attractionshe intermolecular attractions between nonpolar molecules such as hydrocarbons are called London blank forcesdispersionWhat are the biggest advantages of natural gas as a fuel source? Select all that apply.It leaves no ash residue. It produces almost no sulfur oxides.The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which _______.the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the external pressureWhich of the following options correctly describe activation energy?ncreasing temperature allows more particle to have sufficient energy to overcome the activation energy barrierLower activation energy generally results in faster reactionsWhich of the following options correctly describe fats and oils? Select all that apply.Both fats and oils are triglycerides. Oils are typically found in plants rather than from animal sources.